Diseases and Parasites
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Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases
Trophic Strategy
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Benthic species. Young feeds on mysids; adults on tomcod, smelt, hake pollock, striped bass, herring, sand shrimp, amphipods, sand lance and seaweed. Parasites of the species include 2 protozoans, 3 trematodes, 1 cestode, 3 nematodes and 2 acanthocephalans (Ref. 5951).
Biology
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Occurs from shore to 45 m depth, occasionally in deeper water.