Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075).
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Commonly found in harbors and shallow coastal waters. Move to deeper water in winter. Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075). Benthic. Feeds on crustaceans, zooplankton, zoobenthos, molluscs, sea squirts, squids and fishes (Ref. 13548, 58426). Parasites of the species include 6 protozoans, 3 myxosporidians, 2 nematodes and 4 hirudineans (Ref. 5951).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Commonly found in harbors and shallow coastal waters. Move to deeper water in winter. Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075). Benthic; feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, sea squirts, squids and fishes (herring, mackerel, smelt, sand lance and silversides (Ref. 5951)) (Ref. 58426).