Taeniacanthus glomerosus Dojiri & Cressey 1987

Taeniacanthus glomerosus

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 female holotype (USNM 228403) and 3 female paratypes (USNM 228404) from Cirripectes castaneus Valenciennes collected at reef north of Vuro Island, Great Astrolabe, Fiji Islands, on Te Vega cruise 7 by Bolin and party, 8 May 1965. Other material from Cirripectes castaneus: 5 females from 4 hosts (collection data as in type material); 2 females from 2 hosts at reef approximately 0.8 km off Ishigaki City, Ishigaki, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 22 May 1968; 2 females from 2 hosts from Great Banda Islands (04°34′S, 129°53′E); 1 female from Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia (14°35′S, 145°27′E), 27 November 1975; 2 females from Kwazulu Reef, 6.5 km north of Island Rock, South Africa, 28 July 1976. From Cirripectes imitator Williams: 13 females near Ch’uan-Fan-Shih, Taiwan, by V.G. Springer and party, 24 April 1968; 1 female from Okinawa Islands, Japan, 8 October 1980; 1 female from Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, 30 November 1973; 1 female from Skiaura, Chichijimi Island, Ogasawara Islands, 8 April 1974. From Cirripectes sp. T (to be named for B. Hutching): 3 females from North West Cape, Western Australia (22°12′S. 113°52′E), by G. Allen, 22 May 1980. From Cirripectes sp. U (to be named for C.R. Gilbert): 1 female from southwest tip of Isle Boddam, Salomon Group, Chagos Archipelago (05°21′05″S, 072° 12′ 12″E). From Cirripectes quagga: 1 female from Tutuila Island, American Samoa. From Cirripectes filamentosus Alleyne and Macleay: 6 females from vicinity of Mahé, Seychelle Islands, by Bohlke and party, 4 February 1964; 1 female from west side of peninsula at Yeh-Liu, north shore of Taiwan, by J.E. Randall and party, 28 June 1978. From Cirripectes auritus Carlson: 2 females from Sodwana Bay, Zululand, South Africa, 4 April 1979 by P.C. Heemstra and T. Heemstra. From Cirripectes variolosus Valenciennes: 5 females from Falalap Islet, Ifalik Atoll, Caroline Islands (07° 14′08″N, 144°27′28″E), 19 September 1953; 2 females from Unai Obyan Reef, Saipan, Mariana Islands (15°06′24″N, 145°44′03″E), 18 July 1956. From Cirripectes stigmaticus: 1 female from Babel Lukes Reef, Belau Islands (07° 17′17″N, 134°30′56″E), 19January 1959.



All parasitic copepods collected from preserved hosts by J.T. Williams.

DESCRIPTION.—Female: Body as in Figure 25A,B. Total length 0.79 mm (0.65–1.01 mm) and greatest width 0.32 mm (0.29–0.38 mm) based on 10 specimens. Cephalothorax wider than long, 244 × 345 μm, and comprising about 25% of total body length. Thoracic segments bearing legs 2, 3, and 4 not markedly decreasing in width posteriorly. Genital complex (Figure 25C,D) wider than long, 78 × 129 μm, not clearly separated from first abdominal segment. Abdomen (Figure 25D) 4-segmented; segments from anterior to posterior 67 × 138 μm, 51 × 101 μm, 28 × 83 μm, and 46 × 69 μm, (1 × w); anal segment (Figure 25D) with 1 pair of longitudinal rows of spinules on dorsal surface near median suture, 1 row of spinules on each side of anteroventral surface, and 1 row near insertion of caudal ramus (Figure 25E). Caudal ramus (Figure 25E) longer than wide, 33 × 24 μm, and bearing 6 setae; 2 large median terminal setae, each with 1 row of bristles, other setae naked.

Rostral area as in T. williamsi. First antenna (Figure 25F) 7-segmented; armature formula 5, 15, 5, 3, 4, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7+1 aesthete. Second antenna (Figure 25G) similar to that in T. williamsi except armed terminally with 3 spines and 4 setae. Postantennal process (Figure 26A) with curved tine.

Labrum (Figure 26B) with single pair of lateral digitiform processes, a posteromedian hyaline lobe, and a spinulated posterior margin. Mandible (Figure 26C) bearing slightly subequal blades, each serrated along 1 margin, and 1 subterminal accessory seta. Paragnath (Figure 26B) an unornamented conical lobe. First maxilla (Figure 26D,E) bearing 5 setae and a large rounded process. Second maxilla (Figure 26F—H) 2–segmented; first segment a relatively large sclerotized area; second segment with spinulated terminal process, 1 long spinulated spine, and I shorter naked spine; shorter spiine varying in length (compare Figure 26G with 26H). Maxilliped (Figure 26I–K) apparently 2–segmented with basal segment (with usual naked seta) fused to corpus, and corpus with 2 naked setae; terminal segment (Figure 26K) a curved claw bearing crenulate, hyaline, transverse flanges along distal convex margin, 2 conical processes and 1 seta at its base.

Legs 1–4 (Figures 26L, 27A–H) biramous. Spinal and setal formula as follows:

P1 coxa 0-1 basis 1-1 exopod 1-0; 9

endopod 0-1; 7

P2 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1; 0-2; II, I, 3

P3 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, I, 2

P4 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, int.

Interpodal plates of legs 1–4 (Figures 26A, 27 A,E) with spinules on posterior margin. Interpodal plate of leg 1 with convex posterior margin. Those of legs 2–4 reentrant. Coxa and basis of leg 1 with several rows of spinules and 1 hyaline digitiform process at junction of these 2 segments. Cosae and bases of legs 2–4 (Figure 27A,E) each armed with a few rows of spinules and 1 large patch of spinules on inner margin of basis. Terminal exopod segments of legs 2 and 3 each with a rounded protrusion on distolateral corner (see Figure 27B). Terminal exopod segment of leg 4 relatively long and slender in most specimens (Figure 27F), but otherwise relatively short and broad (Figure 27G). Exopod spines of legs 2–4 long and not highly sclerotized (see Figure 27B). Endopod spines small; terminal endopod segment of leg 4 (Figure 27H) subconical and with curved terminal spine. Most segments of rami of legs armed with rows of spinules except exopod of leg 4. Leg 5 (Figure 27I,J) with 2 segments partially fused dorsally; first segment ornamented with 2 curved rows of ventral spinules and 1 dorsolateral seta; second segment 90 × 50 μm (1 × w), tapered distally, bearing 2 patches of spinules on distomedial margin and armed with 3 setae and 1 unilaterally spinulated spine; 2 outer setae with row of spinules at base. Leg 6 (Figure 25C) represented by 3 naked setae in area of egg sac attachment.

Male: Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name glomerosus, Latin for ball-shaped, alludes to the spherically shaped cephalothorax and the hyaline balloon-like process on the first maxilla.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—6 females, 1 immature female, and 1 immature male from Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck and Schlegel) (USNM 152532) from Misaki, Japan.

DESCRIPTION.—Female: Body forms as in Figure 28A,B. Total length 2.05 mm (1.63–2.70 mm) and greatest width 0.86 mm (0.77–0.95 mm) based on 5 specimens. Cephalothorax 686 × 874 μm (1 × w), comprising approximately 25% of total body length. Genital complex (Figure 28C) wide than long, 188 × 291 μm. Abdomen 4-segmented; segments from anterior to posterior 120 × 230 μm, 115 × 189 μm, 64 × 170 μm, 156 × 170 μm (relaxed specimen; Figure 28A), and 115 × 244 μm, 92 × 193 μm, 55 × 184 μm, 147 × 138 μm (contracted specimen; Figure 28B) (1 × w); ventral surface of anal segment with proximal covered by spinules and a posterior row of spinules (Figure 28D). Caudal ramus (Figure 28D) ventral surface without ornamentation, about 2.5 times as long as wide, 101 × 41 μm, and armed as in figure.

Rostral area (Figure 28E) unarmed. First antenna (Figure 28F) 7-segmented; armature formula as follows: 5, 15, 5, 3, 4, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7 + 1 aesthete. Second antenna (Figure 29A) with third and fourth segments almost completely fused, with 2 pectinate processes (each with 1 seta), 3 claw-like spines and 4 setae; shorter pectinate process with small rounded spinules along outer edge; longer pectinate process with single row of longer, more pointed spinules. Postantennal process as in Figure 29B. Labrum (Figure 29C) with row of spinules along poterior edge. Mandible (Figure 29D) with 2 unequal blades; each spinulated along 1 margin, and a weak hyaline seta; 1 subconical process and 1 rounded process at base representing apophysis to which mandibular muscles attach. Paragnath (Figure 29E) with patch of short hairs on basal part. First maxilla (Figure 29F) with 2 long setae bearing short pinnules, a short seta with short plumosities, 2 short naked setae, and a knob-like process proximal to base of short plumose seta. Second maxilla (Figure 29G,H) terminal process with 2 short setae near midlength and 2 short rows of spinules distally. Maxilliped (Figure 30A,B) claw strongly curved with distal row of stout spinules along inner edge.

Legs 1–4 (Figures 30C–F, 31 A–F, 32A–C) biramous. Spinal and setal formula as follows:

P1 coxa 0-1 basis 1-1 exopod 1-0; 9

endopod 0-1; 7

P2 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 4

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, I, 3

P3 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, I, 2

P4 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 4

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, int.

Leg 1 interpodal plate (Figure 30C) triangular, distal tip with 2 patches of spinules; coxa and basis with patches of spinules on ventral surface. Leg 2 interpodal plate (Figure 30D) bilobed; each lobe with spinules; basis with relatively large patch of spinules along inner margin; exopod spines (Figure 30F) spinulated; last segment of exopod of leg 2 (Figure 31A) with hyaline process near outer distal corner; last segment of endopod (Figure 31B) bearing heavily sclerotized curved outer spine, a short adjacent spine and a long, straight, heavily sclerotized spine at tip in addition to usual setae. Leg 3 interpodal plate (Figure 31C) with posterior lobes bearing spinules; spinules on inner part of basis absent; exopod (Figure 31D) similar to that in leg 2 except baering 5 setae on terminal segment; last segment of endopod (Figure 31E) with 3 heavily sclerotized spines, first one not as well developed as that of leg 2. Leg 4 interpodal plate (Figure 31F) with 2 patches of spinules; last segment of exopod somewhat elongate (Figure 32A,B); last segment of endopod (Figure 32C) bearing 2 stout outer spines and an intermediate spine. Leg 5 (Figure 32D–F) 2-segmented; first segment with 1 dorsolateral seta and 2 rows of spinules; second segment, 120 × 62 µm (1 × w), with a subterminal outer seta, 3 terminal setae, and patches of spinules on ventral surface as indicated in figure. Leg 6 represented by 3 setae (2 naked, 1 pinnate) in area of egg sac attachment (Figure 28C).



Male: See Izawa (1967).

Great Astrolabe, Fiji Islands; Ishigaki, Ryukyu Islands; Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia; Kwazulu Reef, north of Island Rock, South Africa; near Chuan-Fan-shih, Taiwan; Okinawa Islands, Japan; Wakayama-ken, Japan; Chichijimi Island, Ogasawara Islands; North West Cape, Western Australia; Salomon Group, Chagos Archipelagos; Tutuila Island, American Samoa; Mahe, Seychelle Islands; Yeh-Liu, North shore of Taiwan; Sodwana Bay, Zululand, South Africa; Ifalik Atoll, Caroline Islands; Unai Obyan Reef, Saipan, mariana Islands; Babel Lukes Reef, Belau Islands