Hard Clam

References

• Belding, D. L., 1911. The life history and growth of the quahaug (Venus mercenaria). Ann. Rep., Comm. Fish and Game, Massachusetts, 1910, pp. 18-128.
• Loosanoff, V. L., 1937a. Spawning of Venus mercenaria (L.). Ecology, 18: 506-515.
• Loosanoff, V. L., 1937b. Development of the primary gonad and sexual phases in Venus mercenaria Linnaeus. Biol. Bull., 72: 389-405.
• Loosanoff, V. L., 1937c. Seasonal gonadal changes of adult clams, Venus mercenaria (L.). Biol. Bull., 72: 406-416.
• Loosanoff, V. L., 1949. Method for supplying a laboratory with warm sea water in winter. Science, 110: 192-193.
• Loosanoff, V. L., and H. C. Davis, 1950. Conditioning V. mercenaria for spawning in winter and breeding its larvae in the laboratory. Biol. Bull., 98: 60-65.
• Loosanoff, V. L., W. S. Miller and P. B. Smith, 1951. Growth and setting of larvae of Venus mercenaria in relation to temperature. J. Mar. Res., 10: 59-81.
• Stafford, J., 1909. On the recognition of bivalve larvae in plankton collections. Contr. Canadian Biol., 1906-1910, pp. 221-242.