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Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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The average diameter of finely warty spores is slightly bigger than the average from the literature. - Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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The average diameter of finely warty spores is slightly bigger than the average from the literature. - Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Capillitium is a loose network of threads with many expansions. The peridial network of sporangia is very fragile and was probably damaged. Thus it is not seen in the picture. - Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Membranous expansions in the capillitium (black arrows) and a single spore still attached to the capillitium (red arrow). - Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Zig-zag bending of the columella near and the small plate at its end. Capillitium is damaged and misplaced. - Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Hypothallus at the base of the stalk of sporocarp. - Typical plates at the end of columellae can be seen also without microscopy at the ends of damaged sporangia (marked by arrows). - Habitat: old partly overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: north side of a stump of Picea abies (on decorticated part) cut down three years ago. - Comment: Highly distinctive traits of Stemonitis flavogenita are typically zig-zag bent columella with a kind of plate at the end just before the end of sporangia (Ref.:1). It is not gradually tapering toward the end of sporocarp as with other species of genus Stemonitis. It is also distinguished by the presence of membranous expansions in the capillitium. Also agreement of macroscopic properties fit well to literature, so I hope the determination is correct. This observation may be interesting since this species is listed neither in Boletus Informaticus data base, Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute nor in official Slovenian fungi checklist. - Sporocarp color rusty, oac719; spores on mass chocolate brown, oac635. Stalks 2.5 to 3 mm long, total length of sporangia 9 mm, all of them were fairly the same length, very closely tufted, their tips blunt. The whole clump had 14 mm in diameter. - Spores finely warted, globose. Dimensions: 8,4 [8,8 ; 9] 9,5 x 8,2 [8,6 ; 8,7] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (all other pictures); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 199. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 153. (3) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Stemonitis+flavogenita (4) http://www.myxomycetes.wolf-5.cyberdusk.pl/index.php?wyb=gal&rodzaj=Stemonitis&gat=1&foto=9 (6) http://www.myxomycetes.net/index.php (7) http://myxo.be/pdf/Stemonitis%20flavogenita%20Stemonitopsis%20peritricha%20Intermediaire.pdf (8) https://www.bookiejar.com/Content/Books/7ccbe2a1-12a9-41fa-a3ff-0f8ebaf40ef6/3339_r1/31098/www.gutenberg.org@dirs@3@1@0@9@31098@31098-h@31098-h-7.htm#Page_154 (9) https://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo45-15.pdf
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Habitat: Alpine upland, partly steep grassland partly Pinus mugo stands on steep rock, east oriented slope, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, just one or two meters off still snow covered terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.530 m (5.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead rotten grasses and twigs laying on ground where the snow melted just a few days back. Description: Outer white shell of 'balls' breaks off easily. Beneath it is another irregular white-black check-board like 'crust',. Underneath it there is a sometimes dense, sometimes loose net of shiny black fibers mainly radially oriented. In the middle there is an entirely black mass with apparently some hollow spaces. No distinct columella could be seen. Specimens brought home produced abundant 'black smoke' when moved after two days of drying. It is interesting that the place where I photographed the stuff had still to be covered by rapidly melting snow just a few days before I took the pictures. Acknowledgement: Many thanks for determination and comments to Irene Andersson, Darvin DeShazer, Gerhard Koller and Clive Shirley at MushroomObserver.org.
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Slo.: paliasta hladetinka, rogata sluzavka - syn.: Byssus fruticulosa Mll. - Habitat: Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; moderately inclined slope at the foot of a mountain, northwest aspect; calcareous, skeletal forest ground; in shade; next to a river, humid air conditions; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: almost totally rotten tree stump; probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Picea abies.Comment: Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. fruticulosa is one of the most distinctive and wide-spread myxomycetes (nowadays Protosteliomycetes). It is easy to recognize it since nothing similar exists outside tropical regions. Because of its bright white color, it is also easy to spot. Its genus name Ceratiomyxa comes from Greek words keras and myxa. The first means horn(s) and the second slime. And indeed it consists (in most cases) of many erects columns made of slimy substance. Unlike of all other myxomycetes the columns bear individual spores externally, on long stalks (see picture 2b, middle-left). However, it can appear also in a much different form, which is treated by some authors as separate species Ceratiomyxa poroides Alb. & Schwein or a subspecies of Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa. Then it looks like spongy, poroid or effused crust, much similar to some poroid basidiomycetes. The plasmodium of Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa is watery translucent (see picture 2a, slime among developed columns). It initially forms whitish blobs (see picture 1b, upper part), which in mature stage develop into simple or sparsely branched columns covered by stalked, white spores looking similar to glandular hairs of higher plants. Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 25.(2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 93.(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 297.
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Slo.: paliasta hladetinka, rogata sluzavka - syn.: Byssus fruticulosa Mll. - Habitat: Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; moderately inclined slope at the foot of a mountain, northwest aspect; calcareous, skeletal forest ground; in shade; next to a river, humid air conditions; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: almost totally rotten tree stump; probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Picea abies. Comment: Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. fruticulosa is one of the most distinctive and wide-spread myxomycetes (nowadays Protosteliomycetes). It is easy to recognize it since nothing similar exists outside tropical regions. Because of its bright white color, it is also easy to spot. Its genus name Ceratiomyxa comes from Greek words keras and myxa. The first means horn(s) and the second slime. And indeed it consists (in most cases) of many erects columns made of slimy substance. Unlike of all other myxomycetes the columns bear individual spores externally, on long stalks (see picture 2b, middle-left). However, it can appear also in a much different form, which is treated by some authors as separate species Ceratiomyxa poroides Alb. & Schwein or a subspecies of Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa. Then it looks like spongy, poroid or effused crust, much similar to some poroid basidiomycetes. The plasmodium of Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa is watery translucent (see picture 2a, slime among developed columns). It initially forms whitish blobs (see picture 1b, upper part), which in mature stage develop into simple or sparsely branched columns covered by stalked, white spores looking similar to glandular hairs of higher plants. Ref.: (1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 25. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 93. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 297.