Mushroom Forming Fungi

Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.); www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7) www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.

Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.); www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7) www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.

Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.); www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7) www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.

Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.); www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7) www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.

Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.); www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7) www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.

When young, this neotropical polypore is soft, and can grow around obstacles. Photo from near Argentina-Brazil border.

A soft conk polypore that some plants can grow right through. A widespread species in the Neotropics.

The Rufous Milk Cap or Red Hot Milk Cap is a species associated with pines in Europe and North America. Of acrid taste, but edible after thorough cooking.

Atlas des champignons comestibles et veneneuxParis,P. Klincksieck,1891.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3270732

sappivalmuskaEspoo, Finland2009-08-22

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

SO557146. Forest of Dean Gloucestershire

SO557146. Forest of Dean Gloucestershire

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.

Meripilus giganteusGiant PolyporeSlo.: rnea velezraenkaDat.: Sept. 19. 2013Lat.: 46.33515 Long.: 13.56790Code: Bot_750/2013_DSC0349Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a large stump and roots of a cut down tree in its final stage of disintegration; tree species undistinguishable; most probably Fagus sylvatica, but possibly also Quercus sp. (several trees growing in the vicinity).Place: Bovec basin, Humi hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary (probably a single mycelium), however in three groups of pilei on the same tree; they were about 1 m (3 feet) apart, the largest group about 40 cm (16 inch) in diameter; taste strong, mushroomy, unpleasant; smell slightly unpleasant, indistinctive; flesh strongly fibrous; SP whitish; pore surface bruising when handled, first ochre, then brown, then blackish, but not fast, the process takes several ten minutes.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.7 (SD= 0.3) x 4.8 (SD= 0.2) , Q= 1.2 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 505.(2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 301.(3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 547. (4) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle& Meyer (2008), p 338.(6). Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1065.