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Diseases and Parasites

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White spot Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits rivers (Ref. 4832). A diurnal species and usually solitary. Burrows occasionally. Maximum altitude at 500 m and minimum temperature of 14°C. Feeds on detritus, plants and invertebrates (Ref. 11027). Reproductive migration during the monsoon season towards shallow waters of flood plains. Non-spawning adults usually found feeding in littoral zones.
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Migration

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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Life Cycle

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Spawns in middle reaches of rivers, where flood water spreads in more or less limpid shallows over fertile flats, well above tidal reaches; also in reservoirs and bundh-type tanks.
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Susan M. Luna
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Diseases and Parasites

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Sachalinorhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Thelohanellus Infection 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Neascus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Ichthyophthirius Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Sporozoa-infection (Myxobolus sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Dactylogyrus Gill Flukes Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Water mold Disease (l.). Fungal diseases
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Diseases and Parasites

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Fish louse Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Water mold Disease (e.). Fungal diseases
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Diseases and Parasites

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Aeromonosis. Bacterial diseases
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diagnostic Description

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Dorsal fin with 12-14 1/2 branched rays; lower profile of head conspicuously arched; short dorsal fin with anterior branched rays shorter than head; 12-16 predorsal scales ; snout without lateral lobe (Ref. 43281).
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Recorder
Rainer Froese
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Biology

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Adults inhabit rivers (Ref. 4832). A diurnal species and usually solitary. They burrow occasionally. Feed on plants. Spawning season generally coincides with the southwest monsoon. Spawning occurs in flooded rivers. Fecundity varies from 226,000 to 2,794,000 depending upon the length and weight of the fish and weight of the ovary. Widely introduced outside its native range for stocking reservoirs and aquaculture. Utilized fresh (Ref. 9987).
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Susan M. Luna
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Importance

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fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Susan M. Luna
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