Tricholoma

Slo.: golobija kolobarnica - syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul. - Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: 'Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species'.This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spore dimensions were much too small. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4) https://www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.

Slo.: veplena kolobarnica - Habitat: Young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy forest ground. - Comments: Spores 10.2 (SD=0.5) x 6.9 (SD=0.4) micr, n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa. - Ref: Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ rel='nofollow'>www.gobenabovskem.si/ - M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238. - http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~source~gallerychooserresult.asp

Slo.: oranna kolobarnica - Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909). - Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4

Slo.: osmojena kolobarnica - Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; locally east, generally south oriented mountain slope, relatively warm place, calcareous bedrock however apparently at least to some extent acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus abundant); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil under Fagus sylvatica. - Comments: Following the key of Tricholoma (Fries.1821) in Ref.:(3), p521 I come to Tricholoma ustale without problems. However, the color of the fruitbodies found seems too to be too bright and to have more yellow and less red as in most references. Not sure the determination is OK. - Growing scattered, about 5 - 6 fruitbodies; pileus diameter from 6 to 8.5 cm, stipe up to 8.5 cm long; taste mushroomy and moderately bitter and burning, unpleasant; smell not strong, on earth (?); flesh whitish, bruising slowly with time, particularly at the base of the stipe; SP white (oac909), pilei strongly slimy, the layer of the mucus more than 1 mm thick. - Spores smooth, elliptical. Dimensions: 7.1 (SD = 0.4) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.08), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M. E. Noordeloos, Th. Kuyper, E. Vellinga (1999). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands. Taylor & Francis. p126. cited after http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricholoma_ustale. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 539. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 236. (5) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 111. (6) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 158. (7) http://healing-mushrooms.net/archives/tricholoma-ustale.html Nikon D700 / Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8

Slo.: rumenea kolobarnica - Habitat: bottom of an Alpine valley; steep slope at the edge of an old alluvial, grass covered terrace; edge of a large extensively used pasture; with scattered Picea abies, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica and different bushes; under Betula but also Picea trees not far; calcareous, sandy ground; mostly in shade; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil. Comments: Determination of gray to gray-brown Tricholoma species is (too?) difficult task for me. I considered two names for this find - Tricholoma scalpturatum and Tricholoma argyraceus Bull.. Breitenbach Ref.: 2 and Krieglsteiner Ref.:4 consider both as synonyms. Tricholoma monograph Ref.:6 doesn't treat Tricholoma argyraceus as an independent species but (only briefly) as a subspecies of Tricholoma scalpturatum. Contrary Index Fungorum and MycoBank consider both names as valid names of two independent species. As far as I was able to study this find it fits reasonably well to the traits of Tricholoma scalpturatum. However, the facts that observed yellowing of the stipe and lamellae (typical for T. scalpturatum but not for T. argyraceus, Ref.:6) was quite modest (see picture #5, right most pileus), that the mushrooms were found under Betula pendula (Ref.:7 lists this tree as a known mycorrhizal partner only for T. argyraceus) and that the measured average Q of the spores is 1.6 (according to Ref.:7 it should be: 1.3 < Q < 1.5 for T. scalpturatum and 1.5 < Q < 1.9 for T. scalpturatum) speak in favor of alternative and less common Tricholoma argyraceus. Probably only an elaborate microscopy would give an answer to this dilemma. Growing in scattered groups of several pilei, altogether more than thirty pilei; pilei diameter up to 4(5) cm; SP whitish, oac851. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5 [5.6; 5.9] 6.5 x 3 [3.4; 3.6] 4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6; 1.7] 1.9; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5.7 x 3.5 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si. (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 109. SP5-6/3-4* (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 336. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 156. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 544. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 260. (6) R. Galli, I Tricolomi, Atlante pratico-monografico per la determinazione del Genere Tricholoma, Edinatura (1999), p 118. (7) MycoBank, http://www.mycobank.org/

Slo.: mika, prstena kolobarnica - Habitat: Open predominantly Pinus sp. forest, south oriented slope, warm place, calcareous ground, under a Pine, almost fully exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 735 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Spore print white to crme. Taste and smell mild, indistinctive. These mushrooms grow in groups and lines. Spore dimensions: 7,3 (SD=0.5 x 4.8 (SD=0.4) micr., n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/index.php (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 68. (3) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 143. (4) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 154 (5) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 182.

Slo.: golobija kolobarnica - syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul. - Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: 'Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species'. This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spore dimensions were much too small. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores. Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white. Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145. (2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330. (4) https://www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568. (6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.

Slo.: veplena kolobarnica - Habitat: Young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy forest ground. - Comments: Spores 10.2 (SD=0.5) x 6.9 (SD=0.4) micr, n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa. - Ref: Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ rel='nofollow'>www.gobenabovskem.si/ - M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238. - http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~source~gallerychooserresult.asp

Slo.: oranna kolobarnica - Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909). - Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4

Slo.: osmojena kolobarnica - Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; locally east, generally south oriented mountain slope, relatively warm place, calcareous bedrock however apparently at least to some extent acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus abundant); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil under Fagus sylvatica. - Comments: Following the key of Tricholoma (Fries.1821) in Ref.:(3), p521 I come to Tricholoma ustale without problems. However, the color of the fruitbodies found seems too to be too bright and to have more yellow and less red as in most references. Not sure the determination is OK. - Growing scattered, about 5 - 6 fruitbodies; pileus diameter from 6 to 8.5 cm, stipe up to 8.5 cm long; taste mushroomy and moderately bitter and burning, unpleasant; smell not strong, on earth (?); flesh whitish, bruising slowly with time, particularly at the base of the stipe; SP white (oac909), pilei strongly slimy, the layer of the mucus more than 1 mm thick. - Spores smooth, elliptical. Dimensions: 7.1 (SD = 0.4) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.08), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M. E. Noordeloos, Th. Kuyper, E. Vellinga (1999). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands. Taylor & Francis. p126. cited after http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricholoma_ustale. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 539. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 236. (5) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 111. (6) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 158. (7) http://healing-mushrooms.net/archives/tricholoma-ustale.html Nikon D700 / Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8

Slo.: rumenea kolobarnica - Habitat: bottom of an Alpine valley; steep slope at the edge of an old alluvial, grass covered terrace; edge of a large extensively used pasture; with scattered Picea abies, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica and different bushes; under Betula but also Picea trees not far; calcareous, sandy ground; mostly in shade; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil. Comments: Determination of gray to gray-brown Tricholoma species is (too?) difficult task for me. I considered two names for this find - Tricholoma scalpturatum and Tricholoma argyraceus Bull.. Breitenbach Ref.: 2 and Krieglsteiner Ref.:4 consider both as synonyms. Tricholoma monograph Ref.:6 doesn't treat Tricholoma argyraceus as an independent species but (only briefly) as a subspecies of Tricholoma scalpturatum. Contrary Index Fungorum and MycoBank consider both names as valid names of two independent species. As far as I was able to study this find it fits reasonably well to the traits of Tricholoma scalpturatum. However, the facts that observed yellowing of the stipe and lamellae (typical for T. scalpturatum but not for T. argyraceus, Ref.:6) was quite modest (see picture #5, right most pileus), that the mushrooms were found under Betula pendula (Ref.:7 lists this tree as a known mycorrhizal partner only for T. argyraceus) and that the measured average Q of the spores is 1.6 (according to Ref.:7 it should be: 1.3 < Q < 1.5 for T. scalpturatum and 1.5 < Q < 1.9 for T. scalpturatum) speak in favor of alternative and less common Tricholoma argyraceus. Probably only an elaborate microscopy would give an answer to this dilemma. Growing in scattered groups of several pilei, altogether more than thirty pilei; pilei diameter up to 4(5) cm; SP whitish, oac851. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5 [5.6; 5.9] 6.5 x 3 [3.4; 3.6] 4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6; 1.7] 1.9; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5.7 x 3.5 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si. (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 109. SP5-6/3-4* (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 336. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 156. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 544. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 260. (6) R. Galli, I Tricolomi, Atlante pratico-monografico per la determinazione del Genere Tricholoma, Edinatura (1999), p 118. (7) MycoBank, http://www.mycobank.org/

Slo.: mika, prstena kolobarnica - Habitat: Open predominantly Pinus sp. forest, south oriented slope, warm place, calcareous ground, under a Pine, almost fully exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 735 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Spore print white to crme. Taste and smell mild, indistinctive. These mushrooms grow in groups and lines. Spore dimensions: 7,3 (SD=0.5 x 4.8 (SD=0.4) micr., n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/index.php (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 68. (3) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 143. (4) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 154 (5) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 182.

Slo.: golobija kolobarnica - syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul. - Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: 'Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species'. This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spore dimensions were much too small. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores. Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white. Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145. (2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330. (4) https://www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568. (6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.

Slo.: veplena kolobarnica - Habitat: Young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy forest ground. - Comments: Spores 10.2 (SD=0.5) x 6.9 (SD=0.4) micr, n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa. - Ref: Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ rel='nofollow'>www.gobenabovskem.si/ - M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238. - http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~source~gallerychooserresult.asp

Slo.: oranna kolobarnica - Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909). - Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4

Slo.: osmojena kolobarnica - Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; locally east, generally south oriented mountain slope, relatively warm place, calcareous bedrock however apparently at least to some extent acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus abundant); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil under Fagus sylvatica. - Comments: Following the key of Tricholoma (Fries.1821) in Ref.:(3), p521 I come to Tricholoma ustale without problems. However, the color of the fruitbodies found seems too to be too bright and to have more yellow and less red as in most references. Not sure the determination is OK. - Growing scattered, about 5 - 6 fruitbodies; pileus diameter from 6 to 8.5 cm, stipe up to 8.5 cm long; taste mushroomy and moderately bitter and burning, unpleasant; smell not strong, on earth (?); flesh whitish, bruising slowly with time, particularly at the base of the stipe; SP white (oac909), pilei strongly slimy, the layer of the mucus more than 1 mm thick. - Spores smooth, elliptical. Dimensions: 7.1 (SD = 0.4) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.08), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M. E. Noordeloos, Th. Kuyper, E. Vellinga (1999). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands. Taylor & Francis. p126. cited after http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricholoma_ustale. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 539. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 236. (5) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 111. (6) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 158. (7) http://healing-mushrooms.net/archives/tricholoma-ustale.html Nikon D700 / Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8