Image of Entoloma serrulatum (Fr.) Hesler 1967

Description:

Slo.: rnomodra rdeelistka - syn.: Rhodophyllus atrides (Lasch.: Fr.) Quelet - Habitat: pasture; moderately inclined mountain slope, grassland; southeast aspect; shallow, calcareous ground; open, rather dry and sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Entoloma is a large genus. Different estimates vary from 600 to 2.000 species worldwide and about 260 in Europe. Entoloma serrulatum is widely distributed and grows from North Africa up to 70 deg latitude in the subarctic regions. It is very tolerant to different ground properties regarding humidity, nutrient content, type of bedrock, acidity, etc. (Ref.:1). Only intensive human agriculture and too much of nitrogen in the ground kills it immediately (particularly fertilizing with fresh manure).It is interesting to observe how the pilei are changing color with time. Young pilei are almost black tinged deep blue or violet; the gills are initially whitish or lightly bluish. These colors are then gradually changing to more pinkish and finally to brownish colors. One can find quite differently looking pilei next to each other. The gills have characteristic and usually distinctive blue-black edge. The mushrooms were photographed on two places near each other on the same pasture. Thez were growing solitary and in scattered groups of several fruit bodies. There were about 20 of them all together. Pilei diameter from 20 to 35(48) mm, stipe from 6 to 11 cm long and from 2 to 3.5 mm in diameter; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant; smell pleasant, mushroomy; flesh brittle; stipe fibrous, hollow; SP abundant, pinkish-ochre, oac651.Spores irregular angular. Dimensions: 9.2 [10.1 ; 10.4] 11.3 x 6.5 [7.4 ; 7.8] 8.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.3 ; 1.4] 1.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 10.3 x 7.6 microns; Qe = 1.4. Olympus CH20, NEA100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 12345, Ulmer (2003), p 170. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 162. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 138. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 422. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 104. (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 825.Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8