Image of Lycoperdon lividum Pers. 1809

Description:

Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.