Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire
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More info for the term:
prescribed fireThe Research Project Summary
Early postfire effects of a prescribed fire
in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina provides information on
prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species, including
striped maple, that was not available when this species review was originally
written.
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Common Names
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striped maple
moosewood
goosefoot maple
whistlewood
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
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dioecious,
fruit,
shrub,
treeStriped maple is a native, deciduous, tall shrub or small tree. It
reaches a maximum height of about 45 feet (13 m), but is usually smaller
[
11,
16]. It has a short, forked trunk divided into a few ascending,
arching branches, forming a broad but uneven, flat-topped to rounded
crown. The branchlets are straight and slender [
6,
11]. Striped maple
is primarily dioecious; monoecy is rare. The sex ratio is male-biased.
Hibbs [
9] reported that 80 percent of a Massachusetts population was
male. The fruit of striped maple is a two-winged sumara. The root
system is shallow and wide-spreading [
6,
11].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
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More info for the term:
naturalStriped maple is widely distributed over the northeastern quarter of the
United States and adjacent southeastern Canada. Its natural range
extends from Nova Scotia and the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec west to
southern Ontario, Michigan, and eastern Minnesota; south to northeastern
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and in the Appalachian Mountains to
northern Georgia [
6,
14].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
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More info for the terms:
fire regime,
treeStriped maple is moderately resistant to low-severity fires. In a study
of tree survival after low-severity surface fires in Great Smoky
Mountains National Park, striped maple showed a positive correlation of
bark thickness to tree diameter growth. Equations relating bark
thickness, tree diameter, tree diameter growth rate, and fire survival
were given [
8].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
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More info on this topic. More info for the term:
phanerophyte Phanerophyte
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
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mesicStriped maple is found on moist, acid soils in deep valleys and on cool,
moist, shaded, north-facing slopes. In middle elevations and on mesic
sites in the Green Mountains of Vermont, it is found from 1,830 to 2,830
feet (550-830 m) in elevation. It reaches best development below 2,430
feet (730 m) in elevation [
6,
9].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
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More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
5 Balsam fir
16 Aspen
17 Pin cherry
18 Paper birch
20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
21 Eastern white pine
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
24 Hemlock - yellow birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
26 Sugar maple - basswood
27 Sugar maple
28 Black cherry - maple
30 Red spruce - yellow birch
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
32 Red spruce
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
44 Chestnut oak
51 White pine - chestnut oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
107 White spruce
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
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More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
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More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the term:
forest K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
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More info for the terms:
crown fire,
forest,
seedStriped maple establishes from seed and/or sprouts after fire [
103].
Crown fire that burns only the upper canopy of a deciduous forest
presumably has little effect on striped maple, because striped
maple never reaches the upper canopy. Crown fire can create
partial openings in a stand, ideal for striped maple recruitment [
2,
4,
15].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
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anglais
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Striped maple is an important wildlife food. It is one of the preferred
species for rabbits, and is frequently eaten by porcupines. The leaves
and shoots are browsed by moose, white-tailed deer, and beavers [
11,
12].
Ruffed grouse consume the vegetative buds [
6]. The nectar is an
important food source for honeybees [
1].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
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More info for the terms:
forest,
hardwood,
woodlandStriped maple is a common but minor understory forest component. It
appears as an understory species in boreal mixed woodland, and in
spruce-fir and hardwood types in northern forest regions.
The most common understory associates of striped maple include
hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium), Canada yew (Taxus canadensis),
mountain maple (Acer spicatum), oxalis (Oxalis spp.), eastern
hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), American hornbeam (Carpinus
caroliniana), serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), hawthorn (Crataegus
spp.), and pawpaw (Asimina triloba) [
6,
17,
25].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
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anglais
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More info for the terms:
shrub,
treeTree, Shrub
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
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anglais
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More info for the term:
hardwoodWhen striped maple regeneration is abundant before cutting, it
frequently become the dominant species after cutting, excluding more
desirable species [
10]. In northwest
Pennsylvania, when more than 30
percent of regeneration plots had more than eight striped maple
seedlings before clearcutting, this species became dominant after
cutting. If the number of striped maple stems exceeds this percentage,
it is essential to reduce their numbers before cutting to encourage
regeneration of desirable hardwood species. Striped maple can be
controlled with glyphosate applied with a mistblower at the rate of 1
lb/acre (1.12 kg/ha). Best kill was achieved when applied from July 1
through September 1 [
6,
10].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
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CT GA KY ME MD MA MI MN NH NJ
NY NC OH PA RI SC TN VT VA WV
NB NS ON PE PQ
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
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Striped maple is occasionally planted as an ornamental [
11].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
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More info on this topic. Striped maple flowers from May to June. The fruits ripen in September
and October and are dispersed in October and November [
18].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
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More info for the terms:
density,
forest,
root crown,
treeStriped maple probably sprouts from the root crown after fire [
6].
Information regarding postfire establishment of striped maple is sparse.
On the George Washington National Forest, West Virginia, a spring prescribed
fire increased total striped maple density in a mixed-hardwood forest.
Average striped maple seedling densities before fire and in postfire year 5
were were 3,921 and 2,158 seedlings/acre, respectively; striped maple sprout
densities were 342 sprouts/acre before and 1,658 sprouts/acre 5 years after
the fire. See the
Research Paper of Wendel and Smith's [
26] study for details
on the fire prescription and fire effects on striped maple and 6 other tree
species.
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
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More info for the terms:
crown residual colonizer,
root crown,
secondary colonizer,
shrub Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Crown residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
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anglais
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More info for the terms:
layering,
seed,
treeSexual reproduction: Striped maple reproduces mostly by seed. Seed
production varies from tree to tree; some trees produce as few as 10
seeds, whereas others produce several thousand. Seed production begins
at about 10 years of age, and large seed crops are produced every year.
The seeds are wind dispersed [
6,
18].
A small proportion of striped maples undergo gender change. The gender
of such trees may differ from year to year [
9,
19]. In one year, in a
sample of trees taken in western Massachusetts, 27 of 243 trees changed
sex. Most changes were from male to female [
6].
Vegetative reproduction: Vegetative reproduction does not seem to play
an important part in the reproduction of striped maple. Although it
reproduces by layering and basal sprouting, sampling of striped maple
populations showed that only 3 percent of the trees originated from
layering, and 8 percent by sprouting [
6]. In general, vegetative
propagation seems to be a mechanism by which it survives suppression
rather than increases in number [
6].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
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More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
forest,
hardwoodFacultative Seral Species
Striped maple is tolerant of deep shade but develops best under moderate
light [
3,
16]. Rapid shoot growth can occur under low light intensity,
but the growth is etiolated. Under direct sunlight, striped maple is
succeeded by mountain maple. It grows well in small forest openings and
under thinned overstories that result in moderate understory lighting.
Because its maximum height growth is about 50 feet (15 m), it never
becomes a major component in the upper canopy of northern hardwood
forests. It may, however, occupy forest openings for more than 100
years [
6,
21,
22].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
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anglais
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The currently accepted scientific name for striped maple is Acer
pensylvanicum L. [
14].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Wood Products Value
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The wood of striped maple wood is porous and fine grained, and has
occasionally been used by cabinet makers for inlay material [
6].
- citation bibliographique
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Acer pensylvanicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Associated Forest Cover
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anglais
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fourni par Silvics of North America
Striped maple is a common but minor forest component, appearing as
an understory species in the boreal hardwoods and in the
spruce-fir and northern hardwood types of the northern forest
region. It is a part of the undergrowth vegetation in 12 of the
following eastern forest cover types (Society of American
Foresters) (7).
17 Pin Cherry
20 White Pine - Northern Red Oak - Red Maple
22 White Pine - Hemlock
23 Eastern Hemlock
24 Hemlock -Yellow Birch
25 Sugar Maple Beech - Yellow Birch
28 Black Cherry-Maple
30 Red Spruce - Yellow Birch
31 Red Spruce - Sugar Maple - Beech
32 Red Spruce
35 Paper Birch - Red Spruce - Balsam Fir
60 Beech - Sugar Maple
In the boreal hardwoods, striped maple is found in association
with the following overstory species: pin cherry (Prunus
pensylvanica), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), bigtooth
aspen (P. grandidentata), paper birch (Betula
papyrifera), yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis), red
maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum), American
beech (Fagus grandifolia), northern red oak (Quercus
rubra), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and red spruce
(Picea rubens).
In the spruce-fir cover types in the northern forest region, the
dominant species in association with striped maple are red
spruce, gray birch (Betula populifolia), American
mountain ash (Sorbus americana), American beech, and
sugar maple. In the northern hardwoods, the most common overstory
species are sugar maple, American beech, yellow birch, black
cherry (Prunus serotina), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga
canadensis) (2,13,16,42). Striped maple in the southern
Appalachian Mountains appears with eastern hemlock, Carolina
silverbell (Halesia carolina), yellow buckeye (Aesculus
octandra), sugar maple, white basswood (Tilia
heterophylla), yellowwood (Cladrastis kentukea), black
birch (Betula lenta), and witch-hazel (Hamamelis
virginiana) (46).
The most common understory species associated with striped maple
in addition to reproduction of the overstory species are
hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium), Canada yew (Taxus
canadensis), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), woodsorrell
(Oxalis spp.), eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya
virginiana), American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana),
serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), hawthorn (Crataegus
spp.), and pawpaw (Asimina triloba).
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Climate
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The important climatic factors within the range of striped maple
are as follows: total annual precipitation, 710 to 1630 mm (28 to
64 in); normal monthly growing season precipitation (May, June,
July, and August), 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in) in the northern and
eastern part of the range and from 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 in) in
the central and southern sections; mean annual total snowfall, 5
to 250 cm (2 to 100 in) with pockets up to 500 cm (200 in); mean
length of frost-free period between the last 0°C (32°
F) temperature in the spring and the first 0° C (32° F)
in the autumn, 90 to 210 days; and average January temperature,
-12° C (10° F) to 4° C (40° F) (43).
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Damaging Agent
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Probably the most serious enemy of
striped maple is Verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum),
a soil-borne stem disease that kills the trees it attacks
(12). Less destructive to the species is Cristulariella
depraedens, one of the common leaf spot diseases found on a
number of other maple species (36). Although Pezicula
trunk and branch cankers are found on several maple species, Pezicula
subcarnea attacks striped maple only (9). P acericola
occasionally appears on striped maple but is most common on
mountain maple.
The species is relatively free of insect attack. However, it is
subject to infestation by one of the flatheaded borers, Agrilus
politus, which forms stem galls (4).
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Genetics
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fourni par Silvics of North America
No organized genetics research has been conducted in striped
maple, probably because of its lack of commercial value. The
species hybridizes in nature with Tatarian maple (Acer
tatarium) as the female parent, resulting in the hybrid A.
boscii (20). Striped maple has a chromosome complement of
n=13, determined from specimens collected from several northern
localities. No marked meiotic irregularities were observed. The
species appears to be diploid over the northern part of its range
(38).
Sex expression was studied in two different samples of 69 and 243
trees each in western Massachusetts. Results of both samples were
nearly identical, implying that no genetic differences existed in
sex expression between the two areas sampled and that samples
came from the same population with respect to the character
sampled.
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Growth and Yield
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fourni par Silvics of North America
Striped maple develops best under
moderate light intensity. Rapid shoot growth under low light
intensity can occur but the growth resembles etiolation (48).
Under direct sunlight striped maple may be succeeded by
mountain maple (19).
The species is well adapted to survival under heavy shade. As a
suppressed understory tree, its growth and development are
extremely slow. Height growth over a 10-year period may be as
little as 30 cm (12 in), but trees that have been heavily
suppressed for 35 to 40 years respond well to release(13,14).
Growth rate of trees following the removal of the overstory is
correlated with growth rate before over-story removal, whether or
not they were previously growing in a suppressed or released
state. The maximum rate of growth observed among released striped
maple under optimum light was 1 m (3.3 ft) per year. The species
grows well in small forest openings and under a thinned overstory
that results in moderate understory lighting. Because its maximum
height growth is about 15 m (49 ft), it will never become a major
member in the upper canopy of the northern hardwood forest cover
type, though the species has been known to occupy forest openings
for more than 100 years (13,14).
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Reaction to Competition
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anglais
)
fourni par Silvics of North America
The species is ideally suited
to expanding and developing its understory position in the forest
should the situation arise. Large numbers of small trees that are
capable of surviving from year to year under heavy shade await a
disturbance in the upper canopy. They show an instant response to
increased light even though overtopped for as long as 35 to 40
years. The species does not require full sunlight to realize its
maximum growth potential but grows best under moderate lighting
found in partial or small forest openings. Striped maple is
classed as very tolerant of shade. Sexual reproduction in striped
maple is closely associated with changes in the upper canopy,
resulting in regeneration of the trees that will be stored in the
understory (13,15). Asexual propagation is capable of
regenerating individual trees within a few months.
Striped maple is often considered a serious silvicultural problem.
When large numbers of this species occupy an understory before
cutting, they frequently become the dominant vegetation after
cutting, excluding more desirable species (17). In
Allegheny
hardwood stands in northwestern Pennsylvania, Marquis and others
(30) found that when more than 30 percent of the 1.83-m
(6-ft) radius regeneration plots had more than eight striped
maple seedlings before clearcutting, these species became
dominant after cutting. If the number of striped maple stems
exceeds these recommendations, it is essential to reduce their
number before harvest cutting to permit establishment of
regeneration of desirable hardwood species. Striped maple can be
controlled with glyphosate applied with a mistblower at the rate
of 1.12 kg/ha (1 lb/acre) a.i. Best kill was achieved when
applied from July 1 through September 1 (17).
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Rooting Habit
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anglais
)
fourni par Silvics of North America
The root system of striped maple is
shallow and wide-spreading (18), illustrating its
adaptation to an understory position in the forest. Because it is
protected from wind damage by the dominant trees in the
overstory, it does not need a deep root system designed for
strong support, and its shallow, spreading features make it
strongly competitive for soil moisture and nutrients.
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Seedling Development
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anglais
)
fourni par Silvics of North America
- Newly collected striped maple seeds
are dormant and must receive moist stratification at 5°
C (41°F) for 0 to 120 days to germinate (40). Mature
seeds covered only by the current year's le
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Soils and Topography
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anglais
)
fourni par Silvics of North America
Striped maple is found on brown and gray-brown podzolic soils
(orders Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Spodosols) that characterize
the areas of mixed coniferous and hardwood forests. It also grows
on the strongly weathered and leached podzols (order Spodosols)
as well as on darker melanized soils (order Mollisols) (3,47).
Compared to other species in the genus Acer, which are
relatively indifferent to soil reaction, striped maple prefers
acid soils (42,45). Neither the range in soil pH nor the
optimum acidity level is known for the species.
Soil moisture and texture influence the local distribution of
striped maple. It is common on sandy loams that are moist and
well drained (23,42). A study of local distribution in
western Massachusetts showed that on study plots where striped
maple was present there was a positive correlation between
species density and windthrow mounds that resulted in small
openings in the stand. No significant correlations were found
with depths of organic and A horizons, rock outcrops, or
stoniness of soils (13,16).
In areas of granitic drift in the White Mountains of New
Hampshire, striped maple of sapling size was most abundant (15
percent of total basal area) on soils with a matrix of
sharp-angled or rounded boulders or on nearly pure weathered
granite found not more than 65 cm (26 in) below the top of
mineral soil (24). On wet compact till and on washed
till, the species made up 6.8 percent and 7.3 percent of the
stand basal area, respectively It is one of five species that
seems to be permanent and abundant in local distribution on a
well-drained, fine, sandy loam podzol in the White Mountains (23).
Striped maple and its associates are found on glaciated knoll tops
and slopes in Quebec (26). In the mountainous areas of
New England, it develops best at elevations between 550 and 800 m
(1,800 and 2,600 ft) (2,42). It apparently does not do
well at higher elevations in the northeast. In two transects
beginning at 610 and 630 m (2,000 and 2,070 ft) at different
locations in the white Mountains of New Hampshire, striped maple
was only 2 to 4 percent of the basal area of the forest stand
(25). It dropped out completely between elevations of 830
and 860 m (2,720 and 2,820 ft).
Density of striped maple in western Massachusetts increased with a
slope up to 450 and with an elevation up to 700 m (2,300
ft) (13,16). Growth increased on northerly facing, local
aspects and on steeper slopes and towards the top of slopes. In
the southern Appalachian Mountains, the species is common on
mesic sites with an elevation between 760 and 1370 m (2,500 and
4,500 ft); above this elevation it disappears very rapidly (46).
Striped maple attains its best growth on shaded, cool northern
slopes in deep valleys (18). It can exist under a number
of different combinations of environmental factors, but as a
mesophyte it favors habitats where moisture conditions are
moderate.
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Special Uses
(
anglais
)
fourni par Silvics of North America
Probably the most important use of striped maple is for wildlife
food. It is one of the preferred species for rabbits and is
frequently eaten by porcupines (6,34). It provides browse
for deer and moose, though the net energy derived from winter
browse is relatively low (27,32,44). The samaras are
eaten, to a limited extent, by ruffed grouse (22). when
Populus species are lacking, striped maple is eaten by
beavers and it is browsed by woodland caribou during summer
months (41,44).
Striped maple is occasionally planted as an ornamental tree.
Because it does poorly in full sun-light, it must be planted with
other species. It was introduced into England about 1760, and
into continental Europe shortly thereafter where reportedly it
reached heights of 9 to 12 m (30 to 40 ft) with trunk diameters
up to 45 cm (18 in).
The wood of the species is diffuse-porous, white, and fine
grained, and on occasions has been used by cabinet makers for
inlay material. Botanists who visited North America in the early
18th century found that farmers in the American colonies and in
Canada fed both dried and green leaves of the species to their
cattle during the winter. when the buds began to swell in the
spring, they turned their horses and cows into the woods to
browse on the young shoots.
An active antitumor substance has been isolated from striped
maple, and tests are underway to determine its practical
application (10).
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Vegetative Reproduction
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anglais
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Vegetative reproduction does not
seem to play an important part in the reproduction of the
species. Although striped maple reproduces by layering and basal
sprouting, sampling of a striped maple population showed that
only 3 percent of the trees originated from layering and 8
percent by sprouting (15). In general, natural vegetative
propagation of the species seems to be a mechanism by which it
survives suppression rather than increasing its numbers. The
first leaves of sprouts are small, with coarse serrations, and
are unlobed. Sprouting begins relatively soon after a tree dies.
Sprouts appeared around the main stem of understory trees within
2 months after main stems were killed in a prescribed burn.
In vitro culture of striped maple has been successful.
Callus tissue was formed in a medium consisting of a mixture of
coconut milk, naphthalene acetic acid, sucrose, and salt (31).
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Brief Summary
(
anglais
)
fourni par Silvics of North America
William J. Gabriel and Russell S. Walters
Striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum) (8), also
called moosewood, is a small tree or large shrub identified by
its conspicuous vertical white stripes on greenish-brown bark. It
grows best on shaded, cool northern slopes of upland valleys
where it is common on welldrained sandy loams in small forest
openings or as an understory tree in mixed hardwoods. This very
slow growing maple may live to be 100 and is probably most
important as a browse plant for wildlife, although the tree is
sometimes planted as an ornamental in heavily shaded areas
(33,37).
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Stribet løn
(
danois
)
fourni par wikipedia DA
Stribet løn (Acer pensylvanicum) er et mellemstort, løvfældende træ. Barken er grågrøn med rent hvide striber, og løvet bliver guldgult om efteråret. Af disse grunde bliver arten plantet i haver og parker.
Beskrivelse
![src=]()
Her ses barken med de hvide striber
Stribet løn er et mellemstort, løvfældende træ. Væksten er åben med opstigende unge grene og mere vandrette, ældre grene. Barken er først glat og olivenbrun på lyssiden, men rent grøn på skyggesiden. Senere bliver den grågrøn med rent hvide striber. Gamle grene og stammer får rødbrun, opsprækkende bark.
Knopperne sidder modsat, de er mørkerøde-gulbrune, og de har kun to skæl. Bladene er runde til næsten firkantede med tre trekantede lapper og en skarpt savtakket rand. Oversiden er skinnende græsgrøn, mens undersiden er lyst grågrøn. Høstfarven er guldgul.
Blomstringen sker under løvspringet, hvor de klokkeformede, gulgrønne blomster sidder i hængende klaser. Frugterne er vingede med krumme vinger. De modner kun sjældent her i landet.
Rodnettet består af fladt udbredte og tæt forgrenede hovedrødder. Træet har pionerkarakter og er hurtigtvoksende, men kortlevende.
Højde x bredde og årlig tilvækst: 12 x 8 m (25 x 20 cm/år). Disse mål kan fx anvendes, når arten udplantes.
Hjemsted
Stribet løn optræder som pionertræ og indgår derefter som underetage i de blandede løvskove i det østlige USA og Canada.
I de løvfældende skove i Acadia National Park, som ligger i Maine, USA, vokser arten i vådområder, på bjergtoppe og klipper sammen med bl.a. skyggeblomst, thuja, amerikansk asp, amerikansk bøg, amerikansk skovstjerne, Aralia nudicaulis (en urteagtig art af Aralie), canadisk diervilla, canadisk hønsebær, Clintonia borealis (en art i Lilje-familien), druehyld, gulbirk, hvidask, julebregne, lav blåbær, nedliggende bjergte, papirbirk, pennsylvansk weichsel, Polygonatum pubescens (en art af konval), rødeg, rødløn, smalbladet kalmia, storbladet asters, sukkerløn, tandet asp, trebladet gyldentråd, virginsk hæg og weymouthfyr[1]
Note
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Stribet løn: Brief Summary
(
danois
)
fourni par wikipedia DA
Stribet løn (Acer pensylvanicum) er et mellemstort, løvfældende træ. Barken er grågrøn med rent hvide striber, og løvet bliver guldgult om efteråret. Af disse grunde bliver arten plantet i haver og parker.
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Streifen-Ahorn
(
allemand
)
fourni par wikipedia DE
Der Streifen-Ahorn (Acer pensylvanicum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Ahorne (Acer) innerhalb der Familie der Seifenbaumgewächse (Sapindaceae). Weitere deutschsprachige Trivialnamen sind Pennsylvanischer Ahorn, Schlangenhaut-Ahorn und Amerikanischer Streifenahorn.
Beschreibung
![src=]()
Hängender Blütenstand mit weiblichen Blüten
Erscheinungsbild und Blatt
Der Streifen-Ahorn wächst als kleiner Baum oder großer Strauch und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 6 bis 9 Metern. Er wächst langsam und erreicht wohl 100 Jahre. Einzeln stehend entwickelt er sich breitkronig. Die sehr auffällige, grünlich-braune Borke besitzt feine weiße Streifen.
Die gegenständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind in Blattstiel und Blattspreite gegliedert. Die Blattspreite ist etwa 15 Zentimeter lang, dreilappig und verfärbt sich im Herbst ausschließlich gelb.
Generative Merkmale
Der Streifen-Ahorn kann einhäusig (monözisch), also mit männlichen und weiblichen Blüten an einem Exemplar, oder zweihäusig (diözisch), also mit männlichen und weiblichen Blüten an unterschiedlichen Exemplaren, getrenntgeschlechtig sein. Dies kann am gleichen Exemplar von Jahr zu Jahr unterschiedlich sein.
Die ersten Blüten werden an 11 Jahre alten Exemplaren, die nur eine Wuchshöhe von 1 Meter besitzen, gebildet. Die Blütezeit liegt im Mai und Juni und beginnt nachdem die Laubblätter fast vollständig entwickelt sind. Die Blüten sind in hängenden, 10 bis 15 Zentimeter langen, traubigen Blütenständen angeordnet. Die gelben Blüten sind meist pseudozwittrig und besitzen einen Durchmesser von etwa 6 Millimeter. Die funktional männlichen Blüten besitzen meist einen rudimentären Stempel. Die funktional weiblichen Blüten entwickeln Staubblätter, aber die Pollensäcke öffnen sich nicht. Es wurden einige Blüten gefunden, die beide Geschlechter vollständig entwickelt enthalten.
Der Fruchtstiel ist 10 bis 15 Millimeter lang. Die Spaltfrüchte bestehen aus zwei Flügelnüssen (Samaras). Die Flügelnüsse sind anfangs rötlich und verfärben sich später lohfarben. Nüsschen und Flügel sind zusammen etwa 20 Millimeter lang.
Chromosomenzahl
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 26.[1]
Vorkommen
Ursprünglich stammt der Streifen-Ahorn aus Nordamerika vom südöstlichen Kanada bis zu den nordöstlichen USA.
In Naturstandorten gedeiht er am besten an schattigen, kühlen Nordhängen von Hochland-Tälern in kleinen offenen Standorten in Wäldern oder als Unterholz in Mischwäldern aus Hartholz-Arten. Er wächst häufig auf gut drainierten sandigen Lehmböden. Dieses winterharte Gehölz bevorzugt schattige Standorte. An sonnigen Lagen benötigt er feuchtere Böden.
Systematik
Die Erstveröffentlichung von Acer pensylvanicum erfolgte durch Carl von Linné. Acer pensylvanicum gehört zur Sektion Macrantha in der Gattung Acer.
Nutzung
Der Streifen-Ahorn wird als Zierpflanze verwendet.
Literatur
- William J. Gabriel, Russell S. Walters: Acer pensylvanicum, In: R. M. Burns, B. H. Honkala (Hrsg.): Silvics of North America, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1990. Online.
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ Acer pensylvanicum bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
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Streifen-Ahorn: Brief Summary
(
allemand
)
fourni par wikipedia DE
Der Streifen-Ahorn (Acer pensylvanicum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Ahorne (Acer) innerhalb der Familie der Seifenbaumgewächse (Sapindaceae). Weitere deutschsprachige Trivialnamen sind Pennsylvanischer Ahorn, Schlangenhaut-Ahorn und Amerikanischer Streifenahorn.
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Acer pensylvanicum
(
anglais
)
fourni par wikipedia EN
Acer pensylvanicum, known as the striped maple, moosewood, moose maple or goosefoot maple, is a small North American species of maple. The striped maple is a sequential hermaphrodite, meaning that it can change its sex throughout its lifetime.
Description
The striped maple is a small deciduous tree growing to 5–10 meters (16–33 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 20 cm (8 in) in diameter.[3] The shape of the tree is broadly columnar, with a short, forked trunk that divides into arching branches which create an uneven, flat-topped crown.
The young bark is striped with green and white, and when a little older, brown.[3]
The leaves are broad and soft, 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long and 6–12 cm (2.5–4.5 in) broad, with three shallow forward-pointing lobes.[3]
The fruit is a samara; the seeds are about 27 mm (1.1 in) long and 11 mm (0.43 in) broad, with a wing angle of 145° and a conspicuously veined pedicel.[3][4][5]
The bloom period for Acer pensylvanicum is around late spring.[6]
The spelling pensylvanicum is the one originally used by Linnaeus.
Small, finger-diameter sections of branches can be used to make whistles due to the ability to lightly bruise the bark, slip it off the wood, carve the whistle hollow and airflow channel into the wood, and slip the tube of bark back on.
Distribution
The natural range of the striped maple extends from Nova Scotia and the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec, west to southern Ontario, Michigan, and Saskatchewan; south to northeastern Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and along the Appalachian Mountains as far south as northern Georgia.[7][8]
Ecology
Moosewood is an understory tree of cool, moist forests, often preferring slopes. It is among the most shade-tolerant of deciduous trees, capable of germinating and persisting for years as a small understory shrub, then growing rapidly to its full height when a gap opens up. However, it does not grow high enough to become a canopy tree, and once the gap above it closes through succession, it responds by flowering and fruiting profusely, and to some degree spreading by vegetative reproduction.[9][10]
Mammals such as moose, deer, beavers, and rabbits eat the bark, particularly during the winter.[11]
References
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Acer pensylvanicum: Brief Summary
(
anglais
)
fourni par wikipedia EN
Acer pensylvanicum, known as the striped maple, moosewood, moose maple or goosefoot maple, is a small North American species of maple. The striped maple is a sequential hermaphrodite, meaning that it can change its sex throughout its lifetime.
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Acer pensylvanicum
(
espagnol ; castillan
)
fourni par wikipedia ES
Acer pensylvanicum, el arce de Pensilvania,[1] es una especie de acer nativa de los bosques norteños del este de Norteamérica desde la zona sur del este de Ontario a Nueva Escocia y el sur al este de Illinois y Nueva Jersey, y también en zonas elevadas de los montes Apalaches mucho más al sur que en el resto de sus distribuciones, al norte de Georgia.
Descripción
Es un árbol pequeño caducifolio alcanzando de 5 a 10 m de alto, con un tronco hasta un diámetro de 20 centímetros. En los árboles jóvenes su corteza se raya con bandas verde y blancas, y cuando es un poco más viejo, con bandas marrones. Las hojas son anchas y suaves, entre 8 y 15 centímetros de largo y de 6 a 12 centímetros de ancho, con tres lóbulos delanteros puntiagudos y bajos. La fruta es una sámara; las semillas son de unos 27 milímetros de largo y 11 milímetros de ancho, con un ángulo de ala de 145° y con un pedicelo visible veteado.
La denominación pensylvanicum es la original que empleó Linnaeus.
Ecología
![src=]()
Acer pensylvanicum en invierno al borde de un bosque de
coníferas.
El A. pensylvanicum es un árbol del sotobosque de los bosques frescos, y húmedos. Prefiere las laderas de las montañas. Está entre la mayoría de árboles de hoja caduca amantes de la sombra. Puede germinar y persistir por años como arbusto secundario pequeño, creciendo rápidamente a su altura completa cuando se abre un boquete. No se convierte siempre en árbol del dosel forestal, sin embargo, y una vez que el boquete sobre él se ha cerrado, responde floreciendo profusamente, dando lugar a un cierto grado por la reproducción vegetativa.
Cultivo y usos
El A. pensylvanicum se cultiva a veces como un árbol ornamental por su corteza decorativa, siendo difícil de trasplantar.
Su madera es blanda y considerada indeseable entre aceres. Aunque ecológico no hay razón de considerarlo un parásito, los silvicultores consideran a veces el arce rayado como un árbol parásito, siendo ese un proceder uniforme hasta el punto de aplicarles herbicidas para destruirlos. Su tolerancia a la sombra lo hace difícil de controlar, pues está presente, a menudo, en grandes cantidades en el sotobosque.
Especies relacionadas
Acer pensylvanicum es una de las especies del grupo de "aceres corteza de serpiente", sección taxonómica: Acer sect. Macrantha. Otras especies en la sección, tal como Acer capillipes, Acer davidii y Acer rufinerve, todos ellos nativos del este de Asia, comparte una forma similar de las hojas y cortezas con bandas verticales similares.
Taxonomía
Acer pensylvanicum fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 1055, en el año 1753.[2]
- Sinonimia
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Hibbs, D. E. & Fischer, B. C. (1979). Sexual and Vegetative Reproduction of Striped Maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 106 (3): 222-227.
- Hibbs, D. E., Wilson, B. F., & Fischer, B. C. (1980). Habitat Requirements and Growth of Striped Maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.). Ecology 61 (3): 490-496
- Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–lxxv, 1–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
- Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
- Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
- Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Publicado por el autor, Nueva York.
- Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
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Acer pensylvanicum: Brief Summary
(
espagnol ; castillan
)
fourni par wikipedia ES
Acer pensylvanicum, el arce de Pensilvania, es una especie de acer nativa de los bosques norteños del este de Norteamérica desde la zona sur del este de Ontario a Nueva Escocia y el sur al este de Illinois y Nueva Jersey, y también en zonas elevadas de los montes Apalaches mucho más al sur que en el resto de sus distribuciones, al norte de Georgia.
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Pensilvaania vaher
(
estonien
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fourni par wikipedia ET
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Pensilvaania vaher: Brief Summary
(
estonien
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fourni par wikipedia ET
Pensilvaania vaher (Acer pensylvanicum) on puuliik seebipuuliste sugukonna vahtra perekonnast.
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Érable de Pennsylvanie
fourni par wikipedia FR
Acer pensylvanicum
L’érable de Pennsylvanie ou érable jaspé (Acer pensylvanicum) est l'unique «érable à peau de serpent» qui ne soit pas originaire d'Asie mais du nord-est de l’Amérique du Nord (et principalement de Pennsylvanie). Il appartient à la section Macrantha de la classification des érables et a été introduit en Europe en 1755. L’équivalent asiatique est Acer tegmentosum.
L'orthographe pensylvanicum (avec un n absent) est celle utilisée à l'origine par Carl von Linné.
Description
![src=]()
Feuilles d'érable de Pennsylvanie
De croissance rapide, il pousse dans les bois humides de l'est du Canada où il est très apprécié des orignaux (d'où son nom anglais de "moosewood"). Il peut mesurer jusqu'à 10 mètres de haut et vivre une centaine d'années. Il est très rustique (jusqu'à -15 °C) et pousse aussi bien au soleil qu'en zone ombragée.
Ses feuilles vertes à pétiole rouge virent au jaune clair en automne.
Il existe deux sous-espèces importantes :
Le cultivar erythrocladum (Späth (en), 1904) a une très belle écorce rose striée de blanc en hiver.
Il se reproduit très facilement par semis à partir de ses nombreuses graines produites en grappes retombantes mais il est aussi possible de le greffer sur Acer platanoides (section Platanoidea).
Répartition
Zone de la forêt feuillue; en Gaspésie, dans la vallée du Saguenay et l'île d'Anticosti.
Voir aussi
Notes et références
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Érable de Pennsylvanie: Brief Summary
fourni par wikipedia FR
Acer pensylvanicum
L’érable de Pennsylvanie ou érable jaspé (Acer pensylvanicum) est l'unique «érable à peau de serpent» qui ne soit pas originaire d'Asie mais du nord-est de l’Amérique du Nord (et principalement de Pennsylvanie). Il appartient à la section Macrantha de la classification des érables et a été introduit en Europe en 1755. L’équivalent asiatique est Acer tegmentosum.
L'orthographe pensylvanicum (avec un n absent) est celle utilisée à l'origine par Carl von Linné.
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Klon pensylwański
(
polonais
)
fourni par wikipedia POL
Klon pensylwański (Acer pensylvanicum L.) - gatunek małego drzewa należący do rodziny mydleńcowatych (Sapindaceae). W obrębie rodzaju klasyfikowany do sekcji Macrantha[2]. Występuje we wschodniej Ameryce Północnej od stanu Quebec w Kanadzie do wschodniego Illinois i New Jersey w Stanach Zjednoczonych oraz w Appalachach.
Morfologia
Drzewo dorasta do 10-15 metrów wysokości, w niesprzyjających warunkach rośnie często krzewiasto. Kora na pniu i starszych konarach z białymi podłużnymi paskami. Młode pędy zielone, lub lekko czerwonawe, od 2 roku pojawiają się białe podłużne prążki. Liście osiągają do 18 cm długości, 3-klapowe z płytkimi wcięciami, ząbkowane, jesienią przebarwiające się na jasnożółto.
Zastosowanie
Gatunek sadzony jako drzewo ozdobne w ogrodach. W warunkach Europy Środkowej rośnie bez problemów, nasiona należy wysiewać jesienią po zebraniu lub stratyfikować do wiosny 120 dni w temp. 3-5 °C i siać w kwietniu-maju.
Przypisy
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Klon pensylwański: Brief Summary
(
polonais
)
fourni par wikipedia POL
Klon pensylwański (Acer pensylvanicum L.) - gatunek małego drzewa należący do rodziny mydleńcowatych (Sapindaceae). W obrębie rodzaju klasyfikowany do sekcji Macrantha. Występuje we wschodniej Ameryce Północnej od stanu Quebec w Kanadzie do wschodniego Illinois i New Jersey w Stanach Zjednoczonych oraz w Appalachach.
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Acer pensylvanicum
(
portugais
)
fourni par wikipedia PT
Acer pensylvanicum é uma espécie de árvore do gênero Acer, pertencente à família Aceraceae.[1]
Referências
Bibliografia
- D. Grosser, W. Teetz: Ahorn. In: Einheimische Nutzhölzer (Loseblattsammlung). Informationsdienst Holz, Holzabsatzfond – Absatzförderungsfonds der deutschen Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Bonn 1998, ISSN 0446-2114.
- Helmut Pirc: Ahorne. Mit Zeichnungen von Michael Motamen. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-6554-6
- Geoff Nicholls; Tony Bacon (1 June 1997). The drum book. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 54–. ISBN 9780879304768
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
- Joseph Aronson (1965). The encyclopedia of furniture. Random House, Inc.. pp. 300–. ISBN 9780517037355.
- Philips, Roger (1979). Trees of North America and Europe. New York: Random House, Inc.. ISBN 0-394-50259-0.
- Phillips, D. H. & Burdekin, D. A. (1992). Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees. Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-49493-8.
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Acer pensylvanicum: Brief Summary
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portugais
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fourni par wikipedia PT
Acer pensylvanicum é uma espécie de árvore do gênero Acer, pertencente à família Aceraceae.
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Acer pensylvanicum
(
vietnamien
)
fourni par wikipedia VI
Acer pensylvanicum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Tham khảo
- D. Grosser, W. Teetz: Ahorn. In: Einheimische Nutzhölzer (Loseblattsammlung). Informationsdienst Holz, Holzabsatzfond – Absatzförderungsfonds der deutschen Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Bonn 1998, ISSN 0446-2114.
- Helmut Pirc: Ahorne. Mit Zeichnungen von Michael Motamen. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-6554-6
- Geoff Nicholls; Tony Bacon (ngày 1 tháng 6 năm 1997). The drum book. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 54–. ISBN 9780879304768
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
- Joseph Aronson (1965). The encyclopedia of furniture. Random House, Inc.. pp. 300–. ISBN 9780517037355.
- Philips, Roger (1979). Trees of North America and Europe. New York: Random House, Inc.. ISBN 0-394-50259-0.
- Phillips, D. H. & Burdekin, D. A. (1992). Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees. Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-49493-8.
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Acer pensylvanicum: Brief Summary
(
vietnamien
)
fourni par wikipedia VI
Acer pensylvanicum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.
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Клён пенсильванский
(
russe
)
fourni par wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Клён пенсильванский
Международное научное название
Acer pensylvanicum L.
Синонимы 
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 28754NCBI 66214EOL 583071GRIN t:1202IPNI 781446-1TPL kew-2616210 Клён пенсильва́нский (лат. Acer pensylvanicum) — вид деревьев рода Клён (Acer) семейства Сапиндовые (Sapindaceae). произрастает в восточной части Северной Америки, северная граница ареала проходит от юга канадской провинции Онтарио на западе до Новой Шотландии на востоке, на юге граница ареала проходит от восточного Иллинойса до Нью-Джерси, в Аппалачских горах распространён значительно южнее остального ареала, до северной Джорджии.
Ботаническое описание
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Стволы клёна пенсильванского
Маленькое листопадное дерево до 5—10 и в высоту со стволом до 20 см в диаметре. Молодая кора покрыта зелёными и белыми полосами, которые становятся с возрастом коричневыми. Листья широкие и мягкие, 8—15 см длиной и 6—12 см шириной, с тремя неглубоко врезанными и направленными вперёд лопастями. Плод — крылатка; семена около 27 мм длиной и 11 мм шириной, с углом между крылатками 145° и плодоножкой, покрытой заметными прожилками.
Название pensylvanicum было дано Карлом Линнеем.
Условия произрастания
Этот клён растёт в подлеске прохладных влажных лесов, предпочитает косогоры. Относится к самым теневыносливым из листопадных деревьев. Может годами расти в виде маленького кустарника в подлеске, очень быстро вырастая до своей полной высоты при образовании просвета между деревьями. Однако он не всегда становится деревом подлеска и когда просвет сверху закрывается, начинает обильно цвести и давать корневую поросль.
Культивирование и использование
Иногда выращивается в качестве декоративного дерева из-за своей коры, однако трудно поддаётся пересадке.
Древесина мягкая и среди других клёнов не ценится. Хотя нет поводов считать это растение сорным, лесники порой борются с ним даже с применением гербицидов. Теневыносливость этого дерева затрудняет возможности контроля за его распространением, часто оно растёт в подлеске в больших количествах.
Родственные виды
Acer pensylvanicum относится к группе «змеекорых клёнов», к секции Macrantha. Другие виды этой секции, такие как Клён зеленокорый (лат. Acer tegmentosum), Клён змеекорый (лат. Acer capillipes), Клён Давида (лат. Acer davidii) и Клён рыжевато-жилковатый (лат. Acer rufinerve) растут в восточной Азии и имеют сходную форму листьев и покрытую вертикальными полосами кору.
Классификация
Таксономия
Вид Клён пенсильванский входит в род Клён (Acer) семейства Сапиндовые (Sapindaceae).
ещё 8 семейств
(согласно
Системе APG II) ещё более 100 видов порядок
Сапиндоцветные род
Клён отдел
Цветковые, или Покрытосеменные семейство
Сапиндовые вид
Клён пенсильванский ещё 44 порядка цветковых растений
(по
Системе APG II) ещё 140—150 родов
Примечания
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Клён пенсильванский: Brief Summary
(
russe
)
fourni par wikipedia русскую Википедию
Клён пенсильва́нский (лат. Acer pensylvanicum) — вид деревьев рода Клён (Acer) семейства Сапиндовые (Sapindaceae). произрастает в восточной части Северной Америки, северная граница ареала проходит от юга канадской провинции Онтарио на западе до Новой Шотландии на востоке, на юге граница ареала проходит от восточного Иллинойса до Нью-Джерси, в Аппалачских горах распространён значительно южнее остального ареала, до северной Джорджии.
- licence
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- droit d’auteur
- Авторы и редакторы Википедии
