This species is a pantropical tramp that is easily dispersed by human activity. They are a common pest ant in houses and seem peculiarly adapted to the interior and immediate vicinity of human habitations (Fig. 1). In Costa Rica I have collected them in the town squares of Liberia and Sierpe, city parks in San JosŽ, around the buildings at Finca La Pacifica, beach margins of Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and in the dining hall of La Selva Biological Station. At La Selva, where intensive surveys of the ant fauna have been carried out, I have never collected P. longicornis beyond the confines of the dining hall.
The workers are very generalized scavengers, very quickly recruiting to food scraps in houses.
On two occasions, once at Discovery Bay Marine Lab in Jamaica and once on the steps of the La Selva dining hall, I have seen massive emergences of P. longicornis colonies (Fig. 2). I do not know what caused these evacuations, but the visual effect was stunning. In each case many square meters were covered with a coruscating layer of workers. The workers formed a closely spaced monolayer. Many of the workers were carrying brood, and many dealate queens were scattered amongst the workers. When undisturbed the ants were more or less stationary, but shining a light on them or blowing on them caused ripples and waves of movement.
There is a large literature on the biology of P. longicornis. A search for "Paratrechina longicornis" in the 2001 version of Formis, a database of ant literature, yielded 271 references.
Taxonomic history
[Misspelled as longipes by Wheeler, 1927d PDF: 11.].Jerdon, 1851 PDF: 124 (q.); Mayr, 1865 PDF: 50 (q.); André, 1881c PDF: 60 (m.); Hung et al., 1972 PDF: 1024 (k.); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986d PDF: 336 (l.); Fox et al., 2007 PDF: 3 (l.).Combination in Prenolepis: Roger, 1863b PDF: 10.Combination in Prenolepis (Nylanderia): Emery, 1910a PDF: 129.Combination in Paratrechina (Paratrechina): Emery, 1925d PDF: 217.Combination in Nylanderia: Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 216.Combination in Paratrechina: Wheeler, 1921e PDF: 112; Bolton, 1995b: 314.Status as species: Smith, 1858a PDF: 31; Mayr, 1863a PDF: 417; Roger, 1863b PDF: 10, 46; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 50; Mayr, 1867a PDF: 72 (redescription); Mayr, 1867d PDF: 442; Mayr, 1870b PDF: 947 (in key); Dours, 1873 PDF: 165; Mayr, 1876 PDF: 77; Emery, 1878: 46; Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 466; André, 1881c PDF: 60; Forel, 1881 PDF: 2; Emery, 1881b PDF: 527; André, 1882c PDF: 203 (in key); Mayr, 1884 PDF: 31; Forel, 1885b PDF: 176; Mayr, 1886d PDF: 431; Cresson, 1887 PDF: 257; Forel, 1891c PDF: 81 (redescription); Lameere, 1892: 65; Forel, 1893j PDF: 337; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 179; Emery, 1893e PDF: 85; Emery, 1893g PDF: 195; Emery, 1893h PDF: 250; Forel, 1894c PDF: 408; Forel, 1895a PDF: 49; Forel, 1895b PDF: 105; Emery, 1895d PDF: 334; Emery, 1895m: 476; Pergande, 1896 PDF: 859 (redescription); Saunders, 1896 PDF: 26; Mayr, 1897 PDF: 436; Forel, 1897b PDF: 298; Forel, 1899a PDF: 120; Forel, 1899b PDF: 125; Forel, 1899j: 274; Forel, 1901c: 25; Dahl, 1901 PDF: 14; Emery, 1901h PDF: 121; Rothney, 1903: 99; Bingham, 1903 PDF: 326; Forel, 1903f PDF: 408; Forel, 1904c PDF: 387; Forel, 1905d PDF: 355; Wheeler, 1905c PDF: 133; Wheeler, 1907b PDF: 276; Forel, 1907g: 92; Forel, 1908b PDF: 4; Forel, 1908c PDF: 64; Forel, 1908 PDF: 401; Forel, 1908a PDF: 62; Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 154; Wheeler, 1908c PDF: 167; Forel, 1909b PDF: 54; Forel, 1909i PDF: 229; Wheeler, 1909d PDF: 336; Forel, 1910c PDF: 266; Forel, 1910d PDF: 127; Emery, 1910a PDF: 129; Yano, 1910a PDF: 421; Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 569; Wheeler, 1911a PDF: 29; Wheeler, 1911b PDF: 170; Karavaiev, 1911b PDF: 9; Emery, 1911g: 249; Forel, 1912a PDF: 73; Forel, 1912e PDF: 110; Forel, 1912l PDF: 165; Wheeler, 1912a PDF: 46; Forel, 1913b PDF: 339; Forel, 1913g PDF: 197; Forel, 1913i PDF: 354; Forel, 1913l PDF: 104; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 42; Wheeler, 1913b PDF: 499; Wheeler, 1913d PDF: 116; Wheeler, 1913e PDF: 243; Santschi, 1914b PDF: 127; Santschi, 1914d PDF: 378; Forel, 1914d PDF: 249; Wheeler & Mann, 1914 PDF: 45; Emery, 1914f PDF: 421; Forel, 1915b PDF: 92; Donisthorpe, 1915f: 345; Crawley, 1916b PDF: 376; Mann, 1916 PDF: 474; Stitz, 1916: 395; Wheeler, 1916c PDF: 13; Wheeler, 1916f PDF: 330; Viehmeyer, 1916a PDF: 147; Stitz, 1917 PDF: 349; Wheeler, 1917g PDF: 462; Luederwaldt, 1918 PDF: 48; Donisthorpe, 1918c PDF: 167; Mann, 1919 PDF: 366; Wheeler, 1919d: 276; Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 103; Santschi, 1920h PDF: 173; Santschi, 1920i PDF: 3; Mann, 1921 PDF: 474; Arnold, 1922 PDF: 605; Wheeler, 1922: 217, 941, 1038; Wheeler, 1922e PDF: 15; Müller, 1923b PDF: 118 (in key); Viehmeyer, 1923 PDF: 92; Wheeler, 1924c PDF: 252; Santschi, 1924c PDF: 114; Emery, 1925d PDF: 217; Stitz, 1925c PDF: 123; Mukerjee & Ribeiro, 1925 PDF: 208; Stärcke, 1926a PDF: 120 (in key); Borgmeier, 1927c PDF: 163; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 399; Wheeler, 1927d PDF: 11; Wheeler, 1927g PDF: 118; Wheeler, 1927h PDF: 104; Santschi, 1928a PDF: 53; Santschi, 1928c PDF: 71; Santschi, 1928h PDF: 132; Cheesman & Crawley, 1928 PDF: 524; Wheeler, 1928c PDF: 37; Menozzi, 1929b PDF: 3; Santschi, 1929e PDF: 164; Wheeler, 1929h PDF: 63; Finzi, 1930c PDF: 24; Menozzi, 1930b PDF: 122; Menozzi, 1930h PDF: 328; Menozzi & Russo, 1930 PDF: 168; Mukerjee, 1930 PDF: 157; Smith, 1930a PDF: 5; Wheeler, 1930k PDF: 79; Stitz, 1932a: 369; Wheeler, 1932a PDF: 16; Wheeler, 1933a: 60; Stitz, 1932a: 369; Wheeler, 1932e PDF: 162; Wheeler, 1932g PDF: 18; Menozzi, 1933b PDF: 83; Wheeler, 1934a PDF: 181; Wheeler, 1934i: 17; Goetsch & Menozzi, 1935 PDF: 102; Donisthorpe, 1935 PDF: 635; Santschi, 1935b: 275; Wheeler, 1935g: 48; Santschi, 1936c PDF: 207; Finzi, 1936 PDF: 191; Wheeler, 1936c PDF: 210; Wheeler, 1936g PDF: 16; Smith, 1937 PDF: 869; Santschi, 1938a PDF: 43; Teranishi, 1940: 37, 59; Menozzi, 1942a PDF: 178; Wheeler, 1942 PDF: 253; Eidmann, 1944 PDF: 460; Donisthorpe, 1946i PDF: 34; Donisthorpe, 1948g PDF: 142; Weber, 1948b PDF: 86; Donisthorpe, 1949b PDF: 503; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 404; Smith, 1951c PDF: 848; Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 216, 218 (combinations in Nylanderia, Paratrechina, respectively); Smith, 1954c PDF: 13; Wellenius, 1955 PDF: 15; Kusnezov, 1956a PDF: 32 (in key); Wilson, 1964b PDF: 10; Linsley & Usinger, 1966 PDF: 175; Baltazar, 1966 PDF: 267; Wilson & Taylor, 1967b PDF: 87; Taylor, 1967b PDF: 1094; Bernard, 1967a PDF: 348 (redescription); Hamann & Klemm, 1967 PDF: 418; Smith, 1967a PDF: 367; Yarrow, 1967 PDF: 29; Cagniant, 1970c PDF: 38; Kempf, 1970b PDF: 34; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 182; Alayo, 1974 PDF: 26 (in key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 6 (in key); Snelling & Hunt, 1975 PDF: 122; Taylor, 1976a: 88; Francoeur, 1977b PDF: 207; Báez & Ortega, 1978: 190; Collingwood, 1979 PDF: 110; Smith, 1979: 1442; Snelling & George, 1979: 198; Onoyama, 1980a PDF: 199; Barquín, 1981: 441; Schembri & Collingwood, 1981 PDF: 438; Trager, 1984b PDF: 153 (redescription); Collingwood, 1985 PDF: 299; Taylor, 1987a PDF: 52; DuBois & LaBerge, 1988: 150; Kugler, 1988: 259; Deyrup et al., 1989 PDF: 100; Brandão, 1991 PDF: 368; Morisita et al., 1991: 21; Wang, 1992: 680; Dlussky, 1994a: 55; Bolton, 1995b: 314; Douwes, 1995: 92; Schembri & Collingwood, 1995: 156; Tang et al., 1995: 99; Wu & Wang, 1995a: 150; Dorow, 1996a PDF: 88; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 PDF: 370; Collingwood et al., 1997 PDF: 510; Terayama, 1999c PDF: 50 (in key); Tiwari, 1999 PDF: 80; Deyrup et al., 2000: 302; Mathew & Tiwari, 2000 PDF: 349; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 177; Wetterer, 2002 PDF: 129; Zhang & Zheng, 2002 PDF: 219; Blard et al., 2003 PDF: 130; Deyrup, 2003 PDF: 46; Imai et al., 2003 PDF: 81; Lin & Wu, 2003: 62; Wetterer & Vargo, 2003 PDF: 417; Collingwood et al., 2004 PDF: 486; Wetterer & Wetterer, 2004 PDF: 215; Coovert, 2005 PDF: 116; Ghosh et al., 2005 PDF: 14; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005 PDF: 31; MacGown & Forster, 2005 PDF: 65; Ward, 2005 PDF: 30; Cagniant, 2006 PDF: 194; Gómez & Espadaler, 2006 PDF: 228; Wetterer, 2006 PDF: 415; Clouse, 2007b PDF: 220; Don, 2007: 200; Wetterer et al., 2007 PDF: 31; Wetterer et al., 2007 PDF: 18; Wild, 2007b PDF: 29; Framenau & Thomas, 2008 PDF: 64; Paknia et al., 2008 PDF: 155; Wetterer, 2008 PDF: 137; Heterick, 2009 PDF: 105; Terayama, 2009 PDF: 210 (in key); Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009 PDF: 40; Mohanraj et al., 2010 PDF: 7; Collingwood et al., 2011 PDF: 467; Pfeiffer et al., 2011 PDF: 40; Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012 PDF: 256; Ellison et al., 2012: 213; Guénard & Dunn, 2012 PDF: 35; Sarnat & Economo, 2012 PDF: 68; Hita Garcia et al., 2013 PDF: 207; LaPolla et al., 2013 10.3897/JHR.35.5628 PDF: 75 (redescription); Sarnat et al., 2013 PDF: 70; Borowiec, 2014 PDF: 141; LaPolla & Fisher, 2014b PDF: 41 (in key); Ramage, 2014 PDF: 157; Tohmé & Tohmé, 2014 PDF: 138; Bezděčková et al., 2015 PDF: 114; Bharti et al., 2016 PDF: 29; Jaitrong et al., 2016 PDF: 30; Lebas et al., 2016: 230; Wetterer et al., 2016 PDF: 14; Sharaf et al., 2017 10.1080/00222933.2016.1271157 PDF: 14; Deyrup, 2017: 221; Sharaf et al., 2018 10.20362/am.010004 PDF: 12; Dekoninck et al., 2019 PDF: 1156; Lubertazzi, 2019 10.3099/MCZ-43.1 PDF: 141; Madl, 2019 PDF: 14.Senior synonym of Paratrechina currens: Emery, 1892c PDF: 166; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 179; Forel, 1894c PDF: 408; Forel, 1899b PDF: 125; Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 154; Wheeler, 1911g PDF: 170; Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 103; Wheeler, 1922: 942; Emery, 1925d PDF: 217; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 405; Smith, 1954c PDF: 13; Smith, 1979: 1443; Snelling & George, 1979: 198; Trager, 1984b PDF: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 314; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 177; LaPolla et al., 2013 10.3897/JHR.35.5628 PDF: 74; LaPolla & Fisher, 2014b PDF: 40.Senior synonym of Paratrechina gracilescens: Roger, 1863b PDF: 10; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 50; Mayr, 1867a PDF: 72; Mayr, 1867d PDF: 442; Dours, 1873 PDF: 165; Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 466; Forel, 1881 PDF: 2; Forel, 1891c PDF: 81; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 179; Forel, 1894c PDF: 408; Forel, 1895b PDF: 105; Forel, 1899b PDF: 125; Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 154; Wheeler, 1919d: 276; Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 103; Wheeler, 1922: 942; Emery, 1925d PDF: 217; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 399; Donisthorpe, 1935 PDF: 635; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 405; Smith, 1954c PDF: 13; Smith, 1979: 1443; Snelling & George, 1979: 198; Trager, 1984b PDF: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 314; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 177; LaPolla et al., 2013 10.3897/JHR.35.5628 PDF: 74; LaPolla & Fisher, 2014b PDF: 40.Senior synonym of Paratrechina hagemanni: Wheeler, 1922: 942; LaPolla et al., 2010a PDF: 128; LaPolla et al., 2013 10.3897/JHR.35.5628 PDF: 74; LaPolla & Fisher, 2014b PDF: 40.Senior synonym of Paratrechina vagans: Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 179; Forel, 1894c PDF: 408; Forel, 1895b PDF: 105; Forel, 1899b PDF: 125; Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 154; Wheeler, 1919d: 276; Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 103; Wheeler, 1922: 941; Emery, 1925d PDF: 217; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 405; Smith, 1954c PDF: 13; Smith, 1979: 1443; Snelling & George, 1979: 198; Trager, 1984b PDF: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 314; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 177; LaPolla et al., 2013 10.3897/JHR.35.5628 PDF: 74; LaPolla & Fisher, 2014b PDF: 40.I [introduced species]
(*) (14, w; 20, w; 34, w q; 37, w; 41, w; 42, w; 44, w). This lowland species is found only in urban parks or suburban dirty habitats.
Central, Concepción (ALWC, INBP). [* = species not native to Paraguay]
The longhorn crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis), also known as "black crazy ant", is a species of small, dark-coloured insect in the family Formicidae. These ants are commonly called "crazy ants" because instead of following straight lines, they dash around erratically. They have a broad distribution, including much of the tropics and subtropics, and are also found in buildings in more temperate regions, making them one of the most widespread ant species in the world. This species, as well as all others in the ant subfamily Formicinae, cannot sting. However, this species can fire/shoot a formic acid spray from its abdomen when under attack by other insects or attacking other insects. When the longhorn crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis) bends its abdomen while aiming at an enemy insect, it is most likely shooting its hard-to-see acid. This acid is normally not used on humans and normally does not affect humans. The black crazy ant can not harm humans in any way. These ants can be touched safely just like the common ghost ants.
The worker longhorn crazy ant is about 2.3 to 3.0 mm (0.09 to 0.12 in) long with a brownish-black head, thorax, petiole, and gaster, often with a faint blue iridescence. The body has a few short, whitish bristles and the antennae and limbs are pale brown. Distinguishing this ant from other members of its genus, Paratrechina, is easy because its antennae and legs are so long. The first segment of each antenna is more than twice as long as the length between its base and the back edge of the head. The eyes are elliptical and set far back on the head. It has no sting, but the ant can bite and then curve its abdomen forwards and secrete formic acid onto its prey.[2] They are too feeble to harm humans. A characteristic of this ant is the way that the workers move around jerkily in apparently random directions.[1]
The genus Paratrechina probably originated in the tropics of Africa.[3] It has spread to temperate regions around the world, and is now present in North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. It is a tropical species, but because of its ability to live in disturbed and artificial habitats, inside buildings, and in urban areas, it has been able to spread northwards to Estonia and Sweden and southwards to New Zealand. In the United States, it is present outdoors in much of the southeast of the country and also indoors in buildings and warehouses in California, Arizona, and the eastern seaboard.[1] In tropical and subtropical areas, as well as being found in buildings, it is found in gardens, coastal scrub, lowland rainforest, dry forest, and savannah shrubland, and by the roadside at elevations of up to 1,765 m (5,791 ft), but at an average elevation of 175 m (574 ft).[4] It is considered a pest, both agricultural and domestic, in most parts of the tropics and subtropics, and an indoor pest in temperate areas. It is said to be the most widespread species of ant in the world, although the pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis) is another challenger for this position.[1]
Colonies of longhorn crazy ants make their nests in a wide range of either dry or damp sites. These include inside hollow trees, under loose bark, in rotten wood, under logs or stones, among rubbish, and under undisturbed debris inside buildings. They thrive in convenience stores, gas stations, apartment blocks, schools, and cafés. The workers emerge to forage and the location of the nest can be identified by watching ants carrying food back to the colony. The ants are omnivorous and feed on seeds, dead invertebrates, honeydew, plant secretions, fruit, and a range of household scraps. Large food items may be moved by several ants working together. They consume honeydew predominantly in spring and autumn, and may tend aphids, mealybugs, and scale insects so as to maximise the secretions they produce. During the summer, they preferentially seek a high-protein diet. In buildings, they collect crumbs and the insect corpses found under lights.[1]
The longhorn crazy ant is able to invade new habitats and outcompete other species of ants. In 1991, in the large closed dome of the research station Biosphere 2 in the Arizona Desert, no particular ant species was dominant. By 1996, the longhorn crazy ant had virtually replaced all the other ant species. It fed almost exclusively on the honeydew secreted by the large numbers of scale insects and mealybugs present, and other invertebrates were greatly diminished. The ones that remained were either well armoured, such as millipedes and woodlice, or were tiny and lived underground, such as springtails and mites.[5]
The inquiline wingless ant cricket (Myrmecophilus americanus) is often found living in the nest of the longhorn crazy ant and is kleptoparasitic on it, stealing food scraps brought back by the workers and encouraging them to regurgitate food.[6] It may be assisted in this symbiosis by mimicry, as it resembles the gaster of the queen in both size and shape.[6] Some poorly-known species of fungi have been found in association with crazy ants in South America.[7]
In tropical regions, male and female sexual forms may appear outside colonies at any time of year, but in Florida, they appear between May and September. On a warm damp evening, many males may emerge from the nest and mill about on the ground. Meanwhile, the workers congregate on nearby vegetation, and periodically, a wingless female comes out of the nest, although mating is difficult to observe in the constantly moving mass of ants. Although the males can fly, nuptial flights do not take place.[1] On other occasions, massive numbers of workers sometimes emerge from colonies and carpet the ground. Large areas may be covered by a sheet of workers, many of them carrying brood, with many wingless females scattered among them. The reasons for these gatherings is unclear.[4]
Longhorn crazy ants are able to mate with their siblings without showing any of the normal negative effects of inbreeding. Although the queen produces workers through normal sexual means, her daughter queens are her genetic clones and her sons are the genetic clones of her mate. The male and female gene pools thus remain completely separate (assuming workers never reproduce), and this has allowed the longhorn crazy ant to become one of the most widespread invasive species in the tropics. The process, known as double cloning, was discovered by evolutionary biologist Morgan Pearcy of the Université libre de Bruxelles.[8]
The species apparently undergoes three larval moults, and their larvae are hairy and present unique morphology; male larvae can be easily distinguished from larvae destined to become workers because of longer and more abundant pilosity.[9]
The longhorn crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis), also known as "black crazy ant", is a species of small, dark-coloured insect in the family Formicidae. These ants are commonly called "crazy ants" because instead of following straight lines, they dash around erratically. They have a broad distribution, including much of the tropics and subtropics, and are also found in buildings in more temperate regions, making them one of the most widespread ant species in the world. This species, as well as all others in the ant subfamily Formicinae, cannot sting. However, this species can fire/shoot a formic acid spray from its abdomen when under attack by other insects or attacking other insects. When the longhorn crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis) bends its abdomen while aiming at an enemy insect, it is most likely shooting its hard-to-see acid. This acid is normally not used on humans and normally does not affect humans. The black crazy ant can not harm humans in any way. These ants can be touched safely just like the common ghost ants.
De superlangsprietmier (Paratrechina longicornis) is een mierensoort uit de onderfamilie van de schubmieren (Formicinae).[1][2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1802 door Latreille.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesParatrechina longicornis é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de formigas pertencente à família Formicidae.[1]
A autoridade científica da espécie é Latreille, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1802.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.
Paratrechina longicornis é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de formigas pertencente à família Formicidae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Latreille, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1802.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.
Kiến lười sừng dài, Paratrechina longicornis, là một loài kiến. Loài này không đốt người. Loài kiến này có thể sinh sản mà không chịu ảnh hưởng tiêu cực của sự giao phối cùng huyết thống. Điều này khiến chúng trở thành một trong những loài kiến xâm lăng rộng rãi nhất ở xứ nhiệt đới.[2]
Kiến lười sừng dài, Paratrechina longicornis, là một loài kiến. Loài này không đốt người. Loài kiến này có thể sinh sản mà không chịu ảnh hưởng tiêu cực của sự giao phối cùng huyết thống. Điều này khiến chúng trở thành một trong những loài kiến xâm lăng rộng rãi nhất ở xứ nhiệt đới.
Paratrechina longicornis (лат.) — вид мелких инвазивных муравьёв подсемейства Формицины. Получил своё название «сумасшедший муравей» (англ. Longhorn crazy ant) по причине характерных для него хаотичных и быстрых движений. Обладает очень длинными усиками и ногами[1].
Повсеместно. Один из наиболее широко распространённых инвазивных видов муравьёв[2]. Предположительно, родиной этого вида является Африка или Азия[3]. Кроме тропиков и субтропиков, представлен и в странах умеренного климата (до Швеции и Эстонии на севере ареала, и до Новой Зеландии на юге)[1]. Одной из причин успешного распространения по всему миру считается их способность к репродукции при близкородственном скрещивании без каких-либо отрицательных эффектов инбридинга[4].
Мелкие муравьи длиной 2—3 мм. Усики 12-члениковые; скапус (базальный сегмент) чрезвычайно длинный, вдвое превосходят размеры головы. Глаза эллиптические, сильно выпуклые. Голова, грудь, брюшко и петиоль от тёмно-бурого до чёрноватого цвета. Тело покрыто серовато-белыми полуотстоящими и отстоящими волосками.
Опасный инвазивный вид, которому посвящено более 270 публикаций в научной периодике[5]. В США имеет статус вредителя (в домах и в сельском хозяйстве, так как разводит насекомых из группы Hemiptera, сосущих соки растений, например, тлей, червецов и щитовок)[1]
Стал одной из причин неудач эксперимента Биосфера-2, проникнув в его герметичные помещения[6][7].
Paratrechina longicornis (лат.) — вид мелких инвазивных муравьёв подсемейства Формицины. Получил своё название «сумасшедший муравей» (англ. Longhorn crazy ant) по причине характерных для него хаотичных и быстрых движений. Обладает очень длинными усиками и ногами.
长角立毛蚁(学名:Paratrechina longicornis)也称長角黃山蟻、狂蟻、小黑蟻、長角狂蟻、長腿立毛蟻,是立毛蚁属中的一种蚂蚁,工蚁体长2.3-2.9mm。身体灰褐色至黑褐色,触角及足颜色稍淡,具弱光泽。足细长。适应性强,耐干旱,广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。行动迅速,可以较大的昆虫尸体。群数可以很大,多蚁后[1][2]。
长角立毛蚁(学名:Paratrechina longicornis)也称長角黃山蟻、狂蟻、小黑蟻、長角狂蟻、長腿立毛蟻,是立毛蚁属中的一种蚂蚁,工蚁体长2.3-2.9mm。身体灰褐色至黑褐色,触角及足颜色稍淡,具弱光泽。足细长。适应性强,耐干旱,广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。行动迅速,可以较大的昆虫尸体。群数可以很大,多蚁后。