La gamba vermella (Aristaeomorpha foliacea, (Risso 1827)) és una espècie de crustaci decàpode marí dins la família Aristeidae.[1]
Viu en fondàries fangoses,[2] està distribuïda en tots els oceans.[3] És comuna en el Mediterrani.[1] Viu entre els 250 i 1300 m de fondària.[2]
És una gamba de dimensions mitjanes, que pot arribar a fer fins 22,5 cm.[2] Els mascles són més petits que les femelles i no arriben als 20 cm.[4][5]
Menja sobretot invertebrats marins, en particular krill.[6]
La gamba vermella (Aristaeomorpha foliacea, (Risso 1827)) és una espècie de crustaci decàpode marí dins la família Aristeidae.
Aristaeomorpha foliacea, the giant red shrimp or giant gamba prawn, is a species of deep water benthopelagic decapod crustacean. It is found in all the world's oceans in the temperate and tropical zones. It is subject to some commercial fishing activity in the Mediterranean Sea.
Aristaeomorpha foliacea is a large decapod crustacean, a shrimp or prawn which has a firm and, flexible and light red exoskeleton and black eyes. In mature females black colour of the black ovaries darkens the dorsal part of the abdomen. There is a slight keel along the dorsal midlines of the third segment which becomes more probounced on the next three segments, ending in a sharp posterior point. It has long pleopods, antennal, hepatic and branchiostegal spines on its carapace, a very short upper antennal flagella, strong spines to the rear of the midpoint on the third to sixth abdominal segments, a telson with four small mobile lateral spines, the females have an open telicum and the species shows secondary sexual dimorphism in body size and the length of the rostrum with the adult females being larger and having a longer rostrum, extending well beyond the antennal scale. In the males the rostrum is short and does not reach the tip of the antenna's peduncle. There are 6-12 upper teeth on the rostrum, including 2 on the carapace. The largest females have a total length of 225 millimetres (8.9 in) and the largest males grow to 170 millimetres (6.7 in). The more common measurements for females are 170–200 millimetres (6.7–7.9 in) body length and for males 130–140 millimetres (5.1–5.5 in).[2]
Aristaeomorpha foliacea is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic, the western Atlantic and the Indian Ocean into the Western Pacific from Japan to Australia and New Zealand as far east as Fiji.[3] This distribution reflects the origin of A. foliacea in the Tethys Ocean during the Mesozoic, which covered an area approximately covering the present Caribbean Sea to the Indian Ocean and included areas which are now in the Mediterranean. Its expansion into adjacent areas of the Pacific is a later increase in distribution.[4] The distribution of this species in the Mediterranean is rather patchy and the largest concentrations are in the central and eastern basins.[2]
The giant red shrimp is a deep-water benthopelagic species and has a reported depth distribution of 120–1300 m, generally on muddy bottoms,[2] in the Mediterranean it shows a preference for quite deep waters, mainly 500-800m, but it is more likely than related species to be found in shallower waters.[4] It is known to gather in large aggregations in submarine canyons and trenches along the continental slope.[2]
Only a few individuals reproduce in their first year. The development of the gonads starts during the winter and the shrimps reach sexual maturity in their second summer. Sexually mature males have an extended reproductive capacity and are able to mate throughout the year, however the females mature seasonally. In the Strait of Sicily the females maturate and spawn from spring until autumn, with a peak in summer-autumn. This species gathers in shoals when mating and spawning. The eggs are released into the sea but the larval and juvenile stages are little known.[2]
This species is an opportunistic carnivore and scavenger with a high diversity in consumed prey types, the analysis of stomach content found both strictly benthic and pelagic prey . It is likely that this species undertakes diel migrations which are related to its feeding behaviour, during the day its prey consists of benthos while during the night it prets on animals higher in the water column. Recorded prey include crustaceans, bony fish, cephalopods siphonophores, gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes and foraminiferans. In the Straits of Sicily the main crustacean prey are Plesionika and Pasiphaea spp., especially Pasiphaea sivado. Also in the Straits of Sicily cephalopods are relatively more important in its diet when compared to giant red shrimp from other areas, making A. foliacea a significant contributor to the juvenile mortality of species such as Heteroteuthis dispar in the food webs of the central Mediterranean. Giant red shrimp also change their feeding behaviour seasonally, siphonophores of the family Diphyidae are important in the spring while benthic gastropods are an important food source in autumn. There appears to be a correlation between increased feeding in the Spring and increased reproductive activity. In the winter this species seems to eat more food but the food is of lower quality.[2]
Aristaeomorpha foliacea is an important target species for bottom otter trawlers operating on the continental slope in the Strait of Sicily where is pursued by boats from Tunisia, Malta and Sicily.[2] it is also a quarry species off Venezuela and Madagascar. A. foliacea is marketed fresh or frozen.[5]
Aristaeomorpha foliacea, the giant red shrimp or giant gamba prawn, is a species of deep water benthopelagic decapod crustacean. It is found in all the world's oceans in the temperate and tropical zones. It is subject to some commercial fishing activity in the Mediterranean Sea.
O chourizo[2] (Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827)[1] é un crustáceo malacostráceo da orde dos decápodos e familia dos aristeidos.
A especie foi descrita en 1827 polo naturalista nizardo Giuseppe Antonio Risso, coñecido como Antoine Risso,[3] baixo o nome de Penaeus foliacea.[1]
Ao longo da historia coñeceuse polos seguintes sinónimos:[1]
Para Aristaeomorpha foliacea rexístranse, na bibliografía galega, os seguintes nomes:
É unha gamba de dimensións medias, de entre 15 a 20 cm, pero que pode chegar a medir atá 22,5 cm.[6][7] Os machos son un pouco más pequenos que as femias e non chegan aos 20 cm.
O seu rostro é moi curto[8] e, como en todos os crustáceos pertencentes ao xénero Aristaeomorpha, presenta máis de 4 dentes na parte dorsal.[9]. Nos exemplares feminimos o número de dentes é de 5 a 6.[8]
A casca do cefalotórax é robusta e está provista de espiñas, e é dunha cor vermella escura avelulada. O abdome é longo, cos segmantos terceiro a sexto aquillados dorsalmente e rematado por detrás nunha aguda e pequena espiña.[6] Presenta cinco apéndices natatorios e o último segmento abdominal termina nunha cola (telson) con forma de abano.[10] O telson é estreito, e está rematado en punta aguda. Os pleópodos teñen forma de látego groso e segmentado, e os uropodios son amplos e laminados.[6]
É unha especie típica de fondos fangosos,[7] difundida por todos os océanos.[11]
Vive en grupos a profundidades superiores aos 200 m,[6] normalmente entre os 250 e os 1.300 m,[7] en augas con temperaturas ao redor dos 13,5 °C.[6]
No Atlántico oriental distribúese desde o golfo de Biscaia até as costas africanas desde Marrocos até Suráfrica.[6] É común no Mediterráneo, desde España até Grecia.[1] En España o maior volume de pesca acádase nas rexións pesqueiras suratlántica, levantina e tramontana.[12]
Tamén se pesca no golfo de México, en Australia, Nova Zelandia e tamén no Xapón e nas illas Canarias.[1]
Ten unha dieta composta principalmente de invertebrados mariños, especialmente dos que compoñen o krill.[13]
Reprodúcese en verán.
Esta especie péscase con artes de arrastre de profundidade; por iso, a súa presenza nos mercados aínda é recente. A maioría destas gambas que vemos nas lonxas galegas procede da rexión suratlántica e de Marrocos [Cómpre referencia], a onde van pescalas os barcos galegos. Comercialízase fresca e conxelada.[12]
Péscase frecuentemente no Mediterráneo, sobre todo en España e Italia.[8] Tamén se captura amplamente en Alxeria e Israel, así como en Nova Zelandia.[7]
O chourizo (Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827) é un crustáceo malacostráceo da orde dos decápodos e familia dos aristeidos.
Il gambero rosso (Aristaeomorpha foliacea, (Risso, 1827)) è un crostaceo decapode marino della famiglia Aristeidae[1].
È una specie tipica dei fondali fangosi[2], diffusa in tutti gli oceani[3]. È comune nel Mediterraneo, nel nord del Marocco, nel sud-est dell'Africa, nel golfo del Messico, in Australia e Nuova Zelanda. Si trova anche in Giappone e alle Canarie[1]. Vive tra 250 e 1300 m di profondità[2].
È un gambero di dimensioni medie, che può misurare fino a 22,5 cm[2]. I maschi sono più piccoli delle femmine e non raggiungono i 20; il loro rostro è più corto[4]. Il rostro, come in tutti i crostacei appartenenti al genere Aristaeomorpha, presenta più di 4 denti nella parte dorsale[5]: negli esemplari femminili il numero è di 5-6[4].
Il carapace è robusto e munito di spine, di un colore rosso scuro vellutato. Presenta cinque appendici natatorie con l'ultimo segmento addominale che termina con una coda a forma di ventaglio.
Ha una dieta composta principalmente da invertebrati marini, in particolare krill[6].
Si riproduce in estate.
Questa specie viene pescata frequentemente nel Mediterraneo, in particolare da pescherecci di Italia e Spagna[4] ma anche in Israele e Algeria; sui mercati ittici si trova sia congelata che fresca[7]. Viene catturato anche in Marocco e Nuova Zelanda[2].
Il gambero rosso (Aristaeomorpha foliacea, (Risso, 1827)) è un crostaceo decapode marino della famiglia Aristeidae.
Aristaeomorpha foliacea is een tienpotigensoort uit de familie van de Aristeidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1827 door Risso.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Aristaeomorpha foliacea er en rekeart. Den har en sterk rød farge.
Hunnene kan bli opptil 259 mm lange, mens hannene blir opptil 174 mm.[1] Den lever på bløt bunn i havet, som regel på dypde 400–800 m, men er funnet så grunt som 120 m og ned til 1100 m. Utbredelsen omfatter Middelhavet, Atlanterhavet, Det indiske hav og vestlige deler av Stillehavet fra Japan til Australia, New Zealand og Fiji.[2]
Arten blir fisket med trål i Middelhavet, Mosambikkanalen og utenfor nordvestre Australia. Fisket i Middelhavet startet på 1930-tallet, mens utnyttelsen i de andre områdene er av nyere dato.[3] I 2002 ble det startet fiske etter dypvannsreker, blant annet Aristaeomorpha foliacea, utenfor Brasil.[4]
Molekylærgenetiske analyser viser en dyp splittelse mellom populasjonene i Middelhavet og Mosambikkanalen på den ene side, og den australske populasjonen på den andre. Det bør vurderes om den australske populasjonen skal få status som en egen art.[3]
Aristaeomorpha foliacea er en rekeart. Den har en sterk rød farge.
Hunnene kan bli opptil 259 mm lange, mens hannene blir opptil 174 mm. Den lever på bløt bunn i havet, som regel på dypde 400–800 m, men er funnet så grunt som 120 m og ned til 1100 m. Utbredelsen omfatter Middelhavet, Atlanterhavet, Det indiske hav og vestlige deler av Stillehavet fra Japan til Australia, New Zealand og Fiji.
Arten blir fisket med trål i Middelhavet, Mosambikkanalen og utenfor nordvestre Australia. Fisket i Middelhavet startet på 1930-tallet, mens utnyttelsen i de andre områdene er av nyere dato. I 2002 ble det startet fiske etter dypvannsreker, blant annet Aristaeomorpha foliacea, utenfor Brasil.
Molekylærgenetiske analyser viser en dyp splittelse mellom populasjonene i Middelhavet og Mosambikkanalen på den ene side, og den australske populasjonen på den andre. Det bør vurderes om den australske populasjonen skal få status som en egen art.
Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827)[1]
Синонимы
Aristaeomorpha foliacea (лат.) — глубоководный вид десятиногих раков из подотряда Dendrobranchiata. В русскоязычной промыслово-торговой терминологии встречается под наименованиями средиземноморская гигантская красная креветка[2], красная глубоководная креветка[3] или просто красная креветка[4]. Один из видов, известных под испанским названием Carabineros.
Крупные креветки с длиной тела 12—22,5 см, впервые описаны французским натуралистом Антуаном Риссо в 1827 году. Окраска тёмно-красная, карапакс мощный, защищён шипами. Хвостовой отдел состоит из 5 сегментов, заканчиваясь хвостовой лопастью веерной формы. Рострум с 5—6 зубцами, стебельчатые глаза расположены под рострумом. Усики короткие, уплощенные.
Подобно многим другим видам креветок, характеризуются в своем развитии протандрическим гермафродитизмом — закономерно рождаясь как особи мужского пола и исполняя роль самца с течение нескольких лет после полового созревания (в 2—3 года), а на 5—6 год после рождения меняя пол с мужского на женский[5][3].
Водятся в глубоких водах (250-1000-1400 м) бассейнов всех океанов; ценный промысловый вид стран Средиземного моря (Испании, Франции, Италии, Алжира, Израиля — несмотря на некошерность), Мозамбика.
Другие названия в разных языках[6]:
Aristaeomorpha foliacea (лат.) — глубоководный вид десятиногих раков из подотряда Dendrobranchiata. В русскоязычной промыслово-торговой терминологии встречается под наименованиями средиземноморская гигантская красная креветка, красная глубоководная креветка или просто красная креветка. Один из видов, известных под испанским названием Carabineros.
