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Comments ( anglais )

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Symphyotrichum puniceum is one of the widest ranging species in the genus, growing from the edges of the prairies to the Atlantic coast, and from the Gulf coast of Texas to southern Ungava Bay (northern Quebec).

Several taxa have been recognized within this variable species. Here, we segregate Symphyotrichum firmum as a distinct entity. The tall, pink-rayed S. elliottii of the outer coastal plains is also distinctive, despite reports of hybrids with S. puniceum var. puniceum where their ranges overlap (see G. L. Nesom 1997b). A recently described member of the complex, S. rhiannon, is an ultramafic endemic from North Carolina. Here, within S. puniceum, we recognize two varieties, the variable and widespread var. puniceum, and var. scabricaule from the inner Gulf coastal plains, following Nesom, who also offered a useful summary of the infraspecific taxonomy of the species.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 20: 472, 476, 501, 502, 521, 524, 525, 526 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Description ( anglais )

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Perennials (7–)100–250(–300) cm, cespitose; thickly short-rhizom­atous or with stout, branched caudices, sometimes long-rhizom­atous. Stems 1–5+, erect (straight to distally flexuous, stout 5–11 mm diam., usually reddish purple), usually densely to sparsely hirsute or hispid, glabrescent, often proximally glabrate, sometimes glabrate. Leaves (dark green, not crowded) thin, margins remotely serrate to sometimes entire, scabrous, apices acute or acuminate to subcaudate, mucronate, abaxial faces glabrate, ± densely pilose along midveins, adaxial glabrate to scabrous; basal withering by flowering, subpetiolate to petiolate (petioles ± winged, bases dilated, sheathing), blades spatulate to oblanceolate or lanceolate, 30–10+ × 3–20+ mm, bases attenuate to cuneate, margins remotely crenate-serrate to denticulate or entire, apices acute or acuminate to rounded; proximal cauline withering by flowering, petiolate to subpetiolate (petioles widely winged, bases auriculate, clasping), blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, (55–)70–200(–220) × 10–40 mm, usually progressively lengthened to mid, bases ± attenuate to cuneate or auriculate and clasping; distal sessile, blades oblanceolate or lanceolate to oblong or elliptic-oblong (sometimes nearly panduriform), 8–160 × 1–40 mm, progressively reduced distally, strongly so and linear in arrays, bases ± strongly auriculate, clasping, margins subentire or entire. Heads in open, paniculiform (often corymbiform-looking) arrays, branches widely spreading to ascending, sparsely to moderately leafy with ± large leaves. Peduncles 0.2–3+ cm, ± hispid or hirsute to villous, bracts 0–3, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate to linear, distal often subtending heads. Involucres campanulate, (6–)8–12(–15) mm. Phyllaries in 4–6 series, oblanceolate-spatulate to linear, subequal, bases indurate 1 / 5 – 1 / 2 , margins not scarious (outer) to narrowly scarious, erose, hyaline, sparsely ciliolate, green zones linear-lanceolate, outer sometimes ± foliaceous, to linear (inner), apices ± spreading at tip when foliaceous, long-acuminate to caudate, mucronate to apiculate, sometimes purplish tinged, faces glabrous or ± hispid. Ray florets 20–50(–60); corollas usually pale to dark blue, lavender or purple, seldom white or pink, laminae (7–)12–18(–21) × (0.9–)1.4–1.8 mm. Disc florets 30–50 (–90); corollas yellow or cream becoming pink or purple, (4.1–)5–6.5 mm, tubes shorter than cylindro-funnelform limbs, lobes triangular, 0.4–1.1 mm. Cypselae purple or brown (nerves stramineous), oblanceoloid, ± falcate, compressed, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4) mm, 3–4-nerved (nerves prominent), faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose; pappi white, 3.8–6 mm.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 20: 472, 476, 501, 502, 521, 524, 525, 526 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
rédacteur
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
projet
eFloras.org
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
eFloras

Synonym ( anglais )

fourni par eFloras
Aster puniceus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 875. 1753
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 20: 472, 476, 501, 502, 521, 524, 525, 526 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
rédacteur
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
projet
eFloras.org
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
eFloras

Symphyotrichum puniceum ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

Symphyotrichum puniceum (formerly Aster puniceus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. It is commonly known as purplestem aster,[3] red-stalk aster,[4] red-stemmed aster,[5] red-stem aster, and swamp aster.[6] It also has been called early purple aster, cocash, swanweed, and meadow scabish.[7]

Its range extends from the edges of the Great Plains to the Atlantic coast, and from the Gulf coast of Texas north to southern Ungava Bay in the north of Quebec.[3] It is adventive in Europe.[2]

Description

Symphyotrichum puniceum produces flowers between August and October. The ray florets range from dark blue or purple to white (rarely). The disc florets are yellow to cream-colored, becoming pink or purple with maturity.[8]

Taxonomy

Symphyotrichum puniceum is a variable species, and many forms have been named.[9] As of July 2021, Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts one variety in addition to the autonym.[2] S. puniceum var. scabricaule (Shinners) G.L.Nesom occurs in the southern United States from Texas to Alabama.[10] The autonym, S. puniceum var. puniceum, occurs in most of the eastern United States and southern Canada.[11]

The species Symphyotrichum firmum is sometimes considered a variety of S. puniceum, but POWO and Flora of North America treat them as distinct species.[2][8] In 1999, Calvin College botanists David P. Warners and Daniel C. Laughlin gave evidence that they should be considered two distinct species.[12] Compared to S. firmum, Symphyotrichum puniceum is typically hairier, with purpler flowers, and does not form dense colonies but rather small clusters or scattered individuals.[13]

Hybrids between this species and Symphyotrichum boreale have been recorded and are called Symphyotrichum × longulum.[14]

refer to caption
Possible holotype of Aster longulus, basionym of hybrid Symphyotrichum × longulum

Conservation

As of July 2021, NatureServe listed Symphyotrichum puniceum as Secure (G5) worldwide and Critically Imperiled (S1) in Mississippi.[1] It listed S. puniceum var. puniceum as Vulnerable (S3) in Kentucky,[15] and S. puniceum var. scabricaule as overall an Imperiled Variety (T2) and Critically Imperiled (S1) in Texas.[16]

Uses

Medicinal

Symphyotrichum puniceum has been used for medicinal purposes among indigenous people in North America. It has been documented that the Chippewa have smoked the root with tobacco to attract game.[17] Multiple uses have been reported for the Woodland Cree, including as an aid for tooth pain[18] and for healing a woman after childbirth.[19] The Iroquois have used the roots for healing of various ailments including colds,[20] fevers,[21] pneumonia,[22] typhoid,[23] and tuberculosis.[24]

Citations

References

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Symphyotrichum puniceum: Brief Summary ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

Symphyotrichum puniceum (formerly Aster puniceus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. It is commonly known as purplestem aster, red-stalk aster, red-stemmed aster, red-stem aster, and swamp aster. It also has been called early purple aster, cocash, swanweed, and meadow scabish.

Its range extends from the edges of the Great Plains to the Atlantic coast, and from the Gulf coast of Texas north to southern Ungava Bay in the north of Quebec. It is adventive in Europe.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN