Epitonium (nomeados, em inglês, wentletraps -pl.;[2][4] nome derivado do alemão wendeltreppe, cujo significado, traduzido para o português, é "escada em espiral", devido à forma de suas conchas,[2][5] e assim também denominadas staircase shells ou ladder shells -pl.;[6][7] em português - PRT -, escalárias -pl.;[8] em castelhano, escalas ou escalarias -pl.)[3] é um gênero de moluscos gastrópodes, marinhos e carnívoros de cnidários, pertencente à família Epitoniidae. Foi classificado por Peter Friedrich Röding, em 1798; com sua espécie-tipo, Epitonium scalare, descrita no ano de 1758 por Lineu.[1][9][10]
Descrição da concha
Conchas em forma de torre, com espiral geralmente alta e coloração de branca a castanha em graus variados. Com abertura de circular a oval, sem canal sifonal e com o relevo de sua concha geralmente bem esculpido de lamelas ou costelas de crescimento, espaçadas, não sendo esta uma característica única deste gênero. Opérculo córneo e circular, com finas e poucas voltas espirais e com núcleo quase central.[4][9]
Espécies de Epitonium
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Epitonium abyssicola (Schepman, 1909)
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Epitonium acanthopleurum (Verco, 1906)
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Epitonium acapulcanum Dall, 1917
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Epitonium aciculinum (Hinds, 1844)
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Epitonium actinariophilum (Masahito & Habe, 1976)
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Epitonium aculeatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium adjunctum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium aequale (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium agitabile (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium alabiforme Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium alatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium albidum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
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Epitonium albolineatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium algerianum (Weinkauff, 1866)
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Epitonium alizonae (Melvill, 1912)
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Epitonium amathusium (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium amiculum Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium amicum (Jousseaume, 1894)
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Epitonium amplexum Nakayama, 2003
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Epitonium anabathmos Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium angulatum (Say, 1831)
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Epitonium angulicinctum (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium angustum (Dunker, 1861)
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Epitonium antisoa (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium apiculatum (Dall, 1889)
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Epitonium aranea Bonfitto, 2017
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Epitonium arcanum DuShane, 1979
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Epitonium artimi (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium atomus (E. A. Smith, 1890)
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Epitonium audouini (Jousseaume, 1894)
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Epitonium aureomaculatum (Masahito & Habe, 1973)
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Epitonium auritum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium austrocaledonicum (Montrouzier, 1859)
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Epitonium avalites (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium babylonia (Dall, 1889)
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Epitonium barissum (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium beachportense (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938)
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Epitonium bellastriatum (Carpenter, 1864)
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Epitonium bellicosum Hedley, 1907
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Epitonium bengalense (E. A. Smith, 1899)
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Epitonium berryi (Dall, 1907)
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Epitonium bevdeynzerae Garcia E., 2001
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Epitonium blaisei (Barnard, 1963)
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Epitonium bonaespei (Barnard, 1963)
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Epitonium bouryi (Jousseaume, 1894)
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Epitonium boutetorum Garcia, 2016
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Epitonium brachyspeira Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium brevissimum (Seguenza, 1876)
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Epitonium bucknilli Powell, 1924
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Epitonium bulbulum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium caamanoi Dall & Bartsch, 1910
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Epitonium calideum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium californicum Dall, 1917
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Epitonium callipeplum Dall, 1919
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Epitonium candeanum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
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Epitonium candidissimum (Monterosato, 1877)
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Epitonium canna Dall, 1919
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Epitonium carchedon (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium castum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1873)
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Epitonium catalinense Dall, 1917
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Epitonium catanuense (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium celesti (Aradas, 1854)
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Epitonium cerdantum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium championi Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
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Epitonium chiarae Bozzetti, 2007
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Epitonium chinglinae Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 1998
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Epitonium christiani Bozzetti, 2008
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Epitonium christyi (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium clathratulum (Kanmacher, 1798)
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Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Epitonium clementinum (Grateloup, 1840)
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Epitonium climacotum Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium columba Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium columnella Dall, 1917
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Epitonium commodum (E. A. Smith, 1890)
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Epitonium conjunctum (Yokoyama, 1922)
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Epitonium connexum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium continens (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium cookeanum Dall, 1917
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Epitonium cophinodes (Melvill, 1904)
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Epitonium coretum (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium corniculum Y.-C. Lee & C.-W. Huang, 2016
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Epitonium coutieri (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium couturieri (de Boury, 1912)
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Epitonium crassicostatum Gittenberger & Gittenberger, 2005
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Epitonium crassum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium creberrimum (Hinds, 1844)
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Epitonium crebricostatum (Carpenter, 1864)
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Epitonium crispatum (Pease, 1868)
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Epitonium crypticocorona Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium cultellicostum (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium cumingii (Carpenter, 1856)
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Epitonium curvilineatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium dallianum (Verrill & S. Smith [in Verrill], 1880)
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Epitonium deflersi (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium deificum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium denticulatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium dentiscalpium (R. B. Watson, 1883)
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Epitonium deschampsi Garcia, 2003
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Epitonium dubium (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium duocamurum Y.-C. Lee, 2001
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Epitonium durhamianum Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1951
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Epitonium eboreum (E. A. Smith, 1906)
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Epitonium eclecticum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium elenense (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium elisae Bozzetti, 2007
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Epitonium eltanini (Dell, 1990)
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Epitonium emiliae (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium emydonesus Dall, 1917
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Epitonium erranum (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
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Epitonium erroneum (Tapparone Canefri, 1876)
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Epitonium eulita (Dall & Simpson, 1901)
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Epitonium eusculptum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)
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Epitonium eutaenium Dall, 1917
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Epitonium evanidstriatum Zelaya & Güller, 2017
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Epitonium eximiellum (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971)
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Epitonium eximium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
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Epitonium extenuicostum (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium fabrizioi Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 1998
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Epitonium falconi Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium fasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium fauroti (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium ferminense L. G. Brown, 2019
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Epitonium ferrugineum (Mörch, 1852)
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Epitonium ferussacii (Audouin, 1826)
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Epitonium finitimum (Monterosato, 1890)
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Epitonium fischeri (R. B. Watson, 1897)
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Epitonium foliaceicosta (d'Orbigny, 1842)
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Epitonium fractum Dall, 1927
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Epitonium fragile (Hanley, 1840)
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Epitonium friabile (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium frielei (Dall, 1889)
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Epitonium fucatum (Pease, 1861)
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Epitonium fulvovittatum (Dautzenberg, 1890)
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Epitonium georgettinum (Kiener, 1838)
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Epitonium glabratum (Hinds, 1844)
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Epitonium gloriolum (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
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Epitonium godfreyi (Cotton, 1938)
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Epitonium goldsmithi (DuShane, 1988)
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Epitonium goniophorum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium gracile (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium graciliconfusum Nakayama, 2000
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Epitonium gradaticostatum (Fenaux, 1938)
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Epitonium gradatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium gradilis (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium graviarmatum A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005
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Epitonium gravieri (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium grayi (Nyst, 1871)
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Epitonium habeli Dall, 1917
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Epitonium hamatulae Preston, 1915
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Epitonium hancocki DuShane, 1970
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Epitonium harimaense Makiyama, 1924
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Epitonium harpa (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium harpago Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium heloris (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium hemmesi DuShane, 1988
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Epitonium hexagonum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium hindsii (Carpenter, 1856)
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Epitonium hispidulum (Monterosato, 1874)
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Epitonium histricosum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium hueti Bozzetti, 2011
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Epitonium huffmani DuShane & McLean, 1968
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Epitonium humerosum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1901)
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Epitonium humphreysii (Kiener, 1838)
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Epitonium idalium (Melvill, 1912)
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Epitonium ilariae Bozzetti, 2007
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Epitonium illovoense (Barnard, 1963)
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Epitonium imperiale (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium inaequale (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium incurvatum (Fenaux, 1938)
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Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter, 1865)
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Epitonium indistinctum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium inexpertum L. G. Brown & Weil, 1999
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Epitonium innesi (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium instrictum (E. von Martens, 1904)
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Epitonium interstriatum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905)
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Epitonium irregulare (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium ishimotoi (Masahito & Habe, 1976)
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Epitonium janae Cossignani, 2020
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Epitonium jani Segers, Swinnen & De Prins, 2009
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Epitonium japonicum (Dunker, 1861)
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Epitonium jickelii (Clessin, 1897)
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Epitonium jimpyae Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium jolyi (Monterosato, 1878)
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Epitonium jomardi (Audouin, 1826)
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Epitonium jousseaumei (de Boury, 1886)
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Epitonium juanitae Garcia, 2003
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Epitonium jukesianum (Forbes, 1852)
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Epitonium kastoroae Garcia, 2003
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Epitonium kazusense (Yokoyama, 1922)
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Epitonium kilburni Drivas & Jay, 1989
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Epitonium kiyohimae Nakayama, 2000
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Epitonium klunzingeri (Clessin, 1897)
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Epitonium koshimagani (Nakayama, 1991)
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Epitonium koyamai (Nakayama, 1995)
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Epitonium kraussi (Nyst, 1871)
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Epitonium krebsii (Mörch, 1875)
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Epitonium labeo (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium lachrymulum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium lacrima Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium laidlawi (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium latifasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874)
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Epitonium latum Bozzetti, 2009
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Epitonium leali Garcia, 2011
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Epitonium liliputanum (A. Adams, 1861)
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Epitonium linctum (de Boury & Monterosato, 1890)
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Epitonium lineolatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium lowei (Dall, 1906)
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Epitonium luceo (DuShane, 1988)
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Epitonium lyra (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium macleani DuShane, 1970
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Epitonium macromphalus E. A. Smith, 1910
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Epitonium maestratii Garcia, 2003
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Epitonium malayanum (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium malcolmense (Melvill, 1898)
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Epitonium malhaensis (Jousseaume, 1894)
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Epitonium maraisi Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium margarita (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium marmoratum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium matthewsae Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
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Epitonium melior (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium mellissi (E. A. Smith, 1890)
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Epitonium melvilli (Schepman, 1909)
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Epitonium millecostatum (Pease, 1861)
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Epitonium mindoroense (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium minorum (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium minutia (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium minuticostatum (de Boury, 1912)
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Epitonium mirabile Bozzetti, 2008
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Epitonium miserum (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium mitraeforme (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium moolenbeeki van Aartsen, 1996
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Epitonium morassii Bonfitto, 2017
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Epitonium mucronatum (Fenaux, 1943)
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Epitonium multicostatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium multistriatum (Say, 1826)
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Epitonium muricatum (Risso, 1826)
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Epitonium mzambanum Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium nanum (Jeffreys, 1884)
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Epitonium nautlae (Mörch, 1875)
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Epitonium nearense L. G. Brown, 2019
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Epitonium nitidella (Dall, 1889)
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Epitonium nodai Nakayama, 2000
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Epitonium novangliae (Couthouy, 1838)
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Epitonium obesum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1847)
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Epitonium obliquum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium obtusum (G. B. Sowerby, 1844)
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Epitonium occidentale (Nyst, 1871)
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Epitonium octogonum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905)
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Epitonium okezoko (Habe, 1961)
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Epitonium opeas Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium oppositum (de Boury, 1921)
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Epitonium optabile (A. Adams, 1861)
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Epitonium ossium Nakayama, 2000
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Epitonium ovale (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium padangense (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium pallasi (Kiener, 1838)
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Epitonium pallidizonatum (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971)
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Epitonium parspeciosum (Iredale, 1929)
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Epitonium parvonatrix Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium pasiphaes (Melvill, 1912)
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Epitonium paumotense (Pease, 1868)
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Epitonium perangustum (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium perfoliatum (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium perimense (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium perlucidum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium perlucidum (Fenaux, 1943)
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Epitonium philippinarum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium philtatum (R. B. Watson, 1886)
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Epitonium phymanthi R. Robertson, 1994
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Epitonium pigrum Garcia, 2011
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Epitonium platypleurum (Verco, 1906)
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Epitonium polacia (Dall, 1889)
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Epitonium politum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium porrectum (Hinds, 1843)
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Epitonium profundum Nakayama, 2000
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Epitonium proximum (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium psomion Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium pteroen Kilburn, 1977
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Epitonium pulchellum (Bivona, 1832)
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Epitonium pulcherrimum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium pupiforme (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971)
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Epitonium pyramidale (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium quiquandoni Bozzetti, 2007
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Epitonium rectilaminatum (Dall, 1907)
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Epitonium reflexum (Carpenter, 1856)
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Epitonium regulare (Carpenter, 1857)
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Epitonium repandior Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium repandum Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium replicatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium reticulatum Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 1998
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Epitonium rhips (R. B. Watson, 1897)
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Epitonium rimbogai (Masahito & Habe, 1976)
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Epitonium rissoinaeforme (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium robillardi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1894)
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Epitonium rostratum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe, 1961)
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Epitonium sallykaicherae Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium sanctaehelenae (E. A. Smith, 1890)
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Epitonium sandwichense (Nyst, 1871)
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Epitonium santinii Bozzetti, 2007
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Epitonium savignyi (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium sawamurai Azuma, 1960
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Epitonium sawinae (Dall, 1903)
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Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Epitonium schepmani Melvill, 1910
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Epitonium schoedei (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium semidisjunctum (Jeffreys, 1884)
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Epitonium sericifilum (Dall, 1889)
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Epitonium sexcostum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium shyorum DuShane & McLean, 1968
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Epitonium simplex (G. B. Sowerby III, 1894)
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Epitonium skoglundae DuShane, 1974
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Epitonium smithii (Tryon, 1887)
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Epitonium smriglioi Bonfitto, 2010
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Epitonium sororastra Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium sousai Bozzetti, 2008
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Epitonium sowerbyanum (Nyst, 1871)
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Epitonium sowerbyi Clessin, 1884
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Epitonium spirilla (Monterosato, 1890)
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Epitonium spyridion Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium stigmaticum (Pilsbry, 1911)
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Epitonium striatellum (Nyst, 1871)
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Epitonium striatissimum (Monterosato, 1878)
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Epitonium subauriculatum (Souverbie, 1866)
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Epitonium subcastum (E. A. Smith, 1899)
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Epitonium subtile (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium suprastriatum (Carpenter, 1857)
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Epitonium sykesii (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium symmetricum (Pease, 1868)
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Epitonium synekhes Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium syoichiroi Masahito & Habe, 1976
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Epitonium tabogense Dall, 1917
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Epitonium tacitum (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium taiwanicum Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 1998
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Epitonium tamsinae Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium tenebrosum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)
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Epitonium tenellum (Hutton, 1885)
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Epitonium tenue (Gray, 1826)
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Epitonium tenuicostatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium tenuiliratum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874)
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Epitonium tenuipicturatum Nakayama, 2000
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Epitonium terebriforme (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium textimattum DuShane, 1977
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Epitonium texturatum (Gould, 1847)
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Epitonium thelcterium (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium thorssoni DuShane, 1988
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Epitonium thrasys (Iredale, 1936)
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Epitonium thyraeum Kilburn, 1985
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Epitonium tiberii (de Boury, 1890)
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Epitonium tiburonense Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
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Epitonium tinctorium Dall, 1919
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Epitonium tinctum (Carpenter, 1864)
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Epitonium tokyoense Kuroda, 1930
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Epitonium tollini Bartsch, 1938
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Epitonium tomlini (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium tosaense (Azuma, 1962)
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Epitonium townsendi (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
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Epitonium trevelyanum (G. Johnston, 1841)
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Epitonium trochoides (de Boury, 1912)
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Epitonium tryoni (de Boury, 1913)
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Epitonium tumidulum (Thiele, 1930)
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Epitonium turritellula (Mörch, 1875)
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Epitonium turtonis (W. Turton, 1819)
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Epitonium umbilicatum (Pease, 1869)
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Epitonium unifasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium vaillanti (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium vallatum (Jousseaume, 1912)
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Epitonium venosum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
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Epitonium viaderi (Fenaux, 1938)
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Epitonium vitreum (Thiele, 1925)
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Epitonium vittatum (Jeffreys, 1884)
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Epitonium vivens Bozzetti, 2009
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Epitonium walkerianum Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1951
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Epitonium webbii (d'Orbigny, 1840)
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Epitonium willetti A. M. Strong & Hertlein, 1937
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Epitonium worsfoldi R. Robertson, 1994
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Epitonium yamakawai (Yokoyama, 1922)
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Epitonium yangi L. G. Brown, 2010
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Epitonium yemenita Bonfitto, 2017
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Epitonium yokoyamai Suzuki & Ichikawa, 1936
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Epitonium zabargadense Bonfitto, 2017
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Epitonium zatrephes (Melvill, 1910)
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Epitonium zeteki Dall, 1917[1]
Referências
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↑ a b c d e f g h «Epitonium Röding, 1798» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2020
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↑ a b c d WYE, Kenneth R. (1989). The Mitchell Beazley Pocket Guide to Shells of the World (em inglês). London: Mitchell Beazley Publishers. p. 42-44. 192 páginas. ISBN 0-85533-738-9
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↑ a b FERRARIO, Marco (1992). Guia del Coleccionista de Conchas (em espanhol). Barcelona, Espanha: Editorial de Vecchi. p. 114-116. 220 páginas. ISBN 84-315-1972-X
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↑ a b ABBOTT, R. Tucker; DANCE, S. Peter (1982). Compendium of Seashells. A color Guide to More than 4.200 of the World's Marine Shells (em inglês). New York: E. P. Dutton. p. 68-70. 412 páginas. ISBN 0-525-93269-0
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↑ «Family Epitoniidae - Wentletraps» (em inglês). Seashells of NSW. 1 páginas. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2020
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↑ OLIVER, A. P. H.; NICHOLLS, James (1975). The Country Life Guide to Shells of the World (em inglês). England: The Hamlyn Publishing Group. p. 56. 320 páginas. ISBN 0-600-34397-9
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↑ «Wentletrap» (em inglês). Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 páginas. Consultado em 19 de dezembro de 2020
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↑ Ferreira, Franclim F. (2002–2004). «Conchas». FEUP. 1 páginas. Consultado em 6 de dezembro de 2020
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↑ a b RIOS, Eliézer (1994). Seashells of Brazil (em inglês) 2ª ed. Rio Grande, RS. Brazil: FURG. p. 96. 492 páginas. ISBN 85-85042-36-2
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↑ «EPITONIIDAE». Conquiliologistas do Brasil: CdB. 1 páginas. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2020
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↑ «Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877)» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2020
