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Fig 13 SEM image of the oral region.
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Oligotrich ciliates are the most abundant group of the microzooplankton, feeders on microscopic algae in the plankton. This small (50 microns), very typical cell is probably a Strombidium.
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O Grove, Galicia, Spain
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Balea, Galicia, Spain
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Pera, Faro, Portugal
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Pra, Faro, Portugal
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Pera, Faro, Portugal
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Pera, Faro, Portugal
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Strombidium (stom-bid-ee-um) is one of the oligotrich ciliates. Traditionally grouped with the more widely reported tintinnids, but unlike tintinnids, these cells are naked and have no internal skeletal elements. There is a spiral Adoral Zone of Membranelles around the anterior of the cell and these are used to collect bacteria, algae and other small particles as food. Free-swimming. Common. Phase contrast.
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Strombidium (stom-bid-ee-um) is one of the oligotrich ciliates. Traditionally grouped with the more widely reported tintinnids, but unlike tintinnids, these cells are naked and have no internal skeletal elements. There is a spiral Adoral Zone of Membranelles around the anterior of the cell and these are used to collect bacteria, algae and other small particles as food. Free-swimming. Common. Differential interference contrast.
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Strombidium (stom-bid-ee-um) is one of the oligotrich ciliates. Traditionally grouped with the more widely reported tintinnids, but unlike tintinnids, these cells are naked and have no internal skeletal elements. The polyhymenophoran ciliates rely on a line of membranelles to obtain food. The membranelles act as a propellor, pump and filter - drawing water with suspended food particles (such as bacteria or small protists) towards the cell. The water is then squished between the membranelles, and the food is trapped. Each membranelle is made of several very closely packed rows of cilia, but these splay out at the distal ends. Phase contrast.
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Strombidium (stom-bid-ee-um) is one of the oligotrich ciliates. Traditionally grouped with the more widely reported tintinnids, but unlike tintinnids, these cells are naked and have no internal skeletal elements. There is a spiral Adoral Zone of Membranelles around the anterior of the cell and these are used to collect bacteria, algae and other small particles as food. Free-swimming. Common. Phase contrast.
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Strombidium (stom-bid-ee-um) is one of the oligotrich ciliates. Traditionally grouped with the more widely reported tintinnids, but unlike tintinnids, these cells are naked and have no internal skeletal elements. There is a spiral Adoral Zone of Membranelles around the anterior of the cell and these are used to collect bacteria, algae and other small particles as food. Free-swimming. Common. Differential interference contrast.
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Strombidium (stom-bid-ee-um) is one of the oligotrich ciliates. Traditionally grouped with the more widely reported tintinnids, but unlike tintinnids, these cells are naked and have no internal skeletal elements. There is a spiral Adoral Zone of Membranelles around the anterior of the cell and these are used to collect bacteria, algae and other small particles as food. Free-swimming. Phase contrast.
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Strombidium is an oligotrich ciliate, the cilia reduced to the adoral zone of membranelles, the paddle shaped structures around the front of the cell. These are used to move the cell around and to capture food. Phase contrast illumination.
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Cedar Swamp, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. Photoed by Hwan Su Yoon.
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Cedar Swamp, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. Photoed by Hwan Su Yoon.
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Samples from Sediment at Cedar swamps, Woods Hole, Massachusatts. Photoed by Hwan Su Yoon.
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Samples from Sediment at Cedar swamps, Woods Hole, Massachusatts. Photographed by Hwan Su Yoon.
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The body of Limnostrombidium viride is ob-conical (upside down egg) and living measure 50 - 70 X 40 - 45 microns. The euquatorial region is marked by a girdle of extrusomes. The posterior half of the cell has a pattern of hexagonal colourless platelets. The cytoplasm is greenish or yellow-green because of the symbiotic algae. No contractile vacuole. The macronucleus is ellipsoidal and located in the mid-body. This ciliate swims quickly using 16 buccal membranelles. This specimen was collected in the plankton from Lake Constance, Germany. This image shows the oral apparatus of Limnostrombidium viride with an adoral zone of membranelles that terminate above the mid-body. Measuring 70 microns. Differential interference contrast.
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Limnostrombidium (lim-no-stom-bid-ee-um). The body of Limnostrombidium viride is ob-conical (upside down egg) and living measure 50 - 70 X 40 - 45 microns. The equatorial region is marked by a girdle of extrusomes. The posterior half of the cell has a pattern of hexagonal colourless platelets. The cytoplasm is greenish or yellow-green because of the symbiotic algae. No contractile vacuole. The macronucleus is ellipsoidal and located in the mid-body. This ciliate swims quickly using 16 buccal membranelles. This specimen was collected in the plankton from Lake Constance, Germany. This image shows outer adoral zone of membranelles and the symbiotic algae of Limnostrombidium viride. 70 microns. Differential interference contrast.
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Limnostrombidium (lim-no-stom-bid-ee-um). The body of Limnostrombidium viride is ob-conical (upside down egg) and living measure 50 - 70 X 40 - 45 (m. The equatorial region is marked by a girdle of extrusomes. The posterior half of the cell has a pattern of hexagonal colourless platelets. The cytoplasm is greenish or yellow-green because of the symbiotic algae. No contractile vacuole. The macronucleus is ellipsoidal and located in the mid-body. This ciliate swims quickly using 16 buccal membranelles. This specimen was collected in the plankton from Lake Constance, Germany. This image shows the posterior end of a squashed specimen of Limnostrombidium viride with the focal plane on the hexagonal platelets. Each platelet measures 3.5 - 4 microns. Differential interference contrast.
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Portrait (anterior apical view) of the oligotrich ciliate, Pelagostrombidium mirabile (Penard, 1916; Krainer 1991). This genus was established (Krainer, 1991) for strombidiids differing from other Strombidium species in having an interrupted equatorial extrusome girdle, and a globular neoformation organelle (site of formation of daughter cell oral apparatus). The similar freshwater genus, Limnostrombidium differs from Pelagostrombidium in having a much smaller differently oriented cytostome and uninterrupted extrusome girdle and tubular neoformation organelle. P. mirabile differs from P. fallax in that the latter is reddish due to numerous tiny cytoplasmic pigment granules. The cytoplasm of both P. fallax and P. mirabile contains sequestered chloroplasts (i.e. kleptoplasts) from ingested algae. The similar freshwater genus, Limnostrombidium differs from Pelagostrombidium in having a much smaller differently oriented cytostome and uninterrupted extrusome girdle and tubular neoformation organelle. The shape of P. mirabile is obovoid with a projecting collar anteriorly (C-shaped in this en face view). A yellow-green color is imparted by sequestered functional plastids (i.e. kleptoplasts). There is a prominent open wreath of adoral membranelles (seen well here). The cytostome (seen at four o'clock position in this image) is ~1/2 the body length. An equatorial girdle of ~15 ? long extrusomes is interrupted by the cytostome. The globular macronucleus is central. A layer of polygonal polysaccharide plates covers most of the cell surface. The neoformation organelle is seen as a striated structure in the posterior 1/3 in this image. P. mirabile is a rapid swimmer. Collected from freshwater agricultural irrigation canal near Boise, Idaho October 2003. DIC optics.