Nectriaceae

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: vrsta bradavike - syn.: Sphaeria peziza Tode, Neuronectria peziza (Tode) Munk - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sp., Larix decidua, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect, calcareous bedrock; rather dry and warm place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica in its last stage of disintegration. Comments: Growing in large colony with hundreds of fruitbodies. No microscopy done. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org ) (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 116.

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavicka - In conidial state. Habitat: Wood-side, sunny, S exposed place, N side of the stump, about 30 cm (one foot) above ground, exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a dead stump of Corylus avellana.

Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration. - Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. - Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) μ, Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) μ, n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 μ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 μ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260. (2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003) (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp (4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) 5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at http://www.mycobank.org )

Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.