模式種 全缘栒子Cotoneaster integerrimusMedik.[3] 物种
参见本文。
栒子属(学名:Cotoneaster),又稱舖地蜈蚣屬,為蔷薇科蘋果亞科或绣线菊亚科的一群木本植物,分布於古北界(温带亚洲、欧洲、非洲北部),在中国西南部和西部山区有很强的多样性。[4]栒子属与山楂属(Crataegus)、火棘属(Pyracantha)、石楠属(Photinia)和花楸属(Sorbus)有亲缘关系。
根据不同学者对物种的定义,栒子属包含70-300个不同的物种,其中有很多无融合生殖(英语:apomixis)的小种(microspecies)被部分学者认为是独立的物种,但对於其他学者来说仅为变种。[4][5]
形态特征
栒子属植物为落叶、常绿或半常绿植物,其中大部分物种是株高0.5-5米的灌木,形态各异,可以是紧贴地面匍匐生长,也可以是直立生长。耐寒栒子(Cotoneaster frigidus)等小部分物种是小型乔木,株高达15米,树干直径达75厘米。匍匐生长的物种大多数是高山植物,生长在高海拔地区,例如C. integrifolius就生长在海拔高达3,000-4,000米的喜马拉雅地区,而其他的较大型物种则生长在低海拔的矮灌木丛以及林隙中。[3]
枝条有两种形态,其中长枝长10-40厘米,其上生长确定植株形态的硬枝,短枝长0.5-5厘米,其上生长花芽,这种生长方式使枝条成为一个个分叉组成的形态。冬季芽小,具数个覆瓦状鳞片。叶互生,有时排成二列,长0.5-15厘米,卵形至披针形,全缘,叶柄短,托叶小,早落。花单生,2-3朵单生或组成达100朵花的伞房花序,顶生在短枝顶端或腋生;萼筒钟状、筒状或陀螺状,具短萼片5枚;花瓣5枚,直立、张开或平展,直径5-10毫米,花色包括白、乳白、淡粉红、深粉红、红色;雄蕊一般为20枚,少数为5-25枚;花柱2-5枚,离生,心皮背面与萼筒连合,腹面分离,每心皮有2胚珠,子房下位或半下位;花期为春末至夏初。果实为小型梨果,直径5-12毫米,成熟时一般为粉红、鲜红或橙黄色,偶有褐红色或紫黑色,先端有宿存萼片,包含1-3枚小核,偶尔多达5枚,每一骨质小核一般包含1粒种子,种子扁平,子叶扁平凸起。[5][6][3]有些物种的果实到翌年才会脱落。
野生价值
栒子属植物是一些鳞翅目昆虫幼虫的食物,这些昆虫包括赛剑纹夜蛾(Acronicta psi)、灰裙尺蠖蛾(Erannis defoliaria)、Nola cucullatella(一种瘤蛾科昆虫)、冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata)以及山楂巢蛾(Scythropia crataegella)。花会吸引蜜蜂和蝴蝶,鸟会食用植物的果实。
虽然在分布於英国和爱尔兰的栒子属原生物种相当少,但当地将栒子属和火棘属植物视为很有价值的花蜜来源,因为当地在6月时蜜源极为匮乏。红色的果实对於烏鶇和其他鸫属鸟类也是极具诱惑力的食物。
栽培利用
栒子属是很受欢迎的园林灌木植物,因为其株型美观,夏季能开出密集的花束,秋季能接触艳丽的累累果实,在庭园中还可以修剪成绿篱,而匍匐散生种类可以作为岩石地面植被或堤岸植物。[3]很多栒子属园林灌木是栽培种,还有一部分是杂交种,如常见的Cotoneaster×watereri Exell由耐寒栒子(C. frigidus)和柳叶栒子(C. salicifolius)杂交得到,不过大部分不是。[6]繁殖方式有播种、扦插和嫁接,播种後1-3年发芽。栒子属植物木质坚硬,可制作手杖和其他柄状器物。[3]
很多物种已经逸生到野外,成为入侵植物,因为当地的气候条件适宜其生长,例如很多原产於中国的物种已在欧洲西北部成为归化物种[7];粉叶栒子(C. glaucophyllus)已在澳大利亚[8]和美国加利福尼亚州成为入侵植物[9];西蒙氏栒子(C. simonsii)已被新西兰列入《National Pest Plant Accord》以防止其销售和散布,因为其入侵性很强。
命名和分类
属名Cotoneaster源自拉丁语cotone,是一个古老的拉丁名称,意为榲桲,而後缀-aster意为“相似的”。这一属名是阳性,不过在一些旧文献中被误当作阴性,这就导致很多物种的种加词有不同版本的词尾(如全缘栒子Cotoneaster integerrimus的异名Cotoneaster integerrima)。[5]
栒子属常被分为2个或更多组,不过由於杂交种的存在,情况比较复杂:[5]
- 疏花组 sect. Cotoneaster(异名sect. Orthopetalum):单花或6枚花簇生,被片立起,常为淡粉色,大部分为小型灌木。
- sect. Chaenopetalum:超过20朵花组成伞房花序,被片平展,乳白色,大部分为大型灌木。
《中国植物志》的分类方式:[3]
- 密花组 sect. Deniflos
- 柳叶系 ser. Salicifollii
- 耐寒系 ser. Frigidi
- 疏花组 sect. Cotoneaster
- 多花系 ser. Multiflori
- 尖叶系 ser. Acuminati
- 全缘系 ser. Integerrimi
- 单花组 sect. Uniflos
- 小叶系 ser. Microphylli
- 两列系 ser. Distichi
物种
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尖叶栒子 Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl.
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灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz.
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密毛灰栒子(细柔毛栒子) Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. var. villosulus Rehder & E. H. Wilson(异名Cotoneaster villosulus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. var. acutifolius
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Cotoneaster acutiusculus Pojark.
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匍匐栒子 Cotoneaster adpressus Bois
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Cotoneaster aestivalis (Walter) Wenz.
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藏边栒子 Cotoneaster affinis Lindl.
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Cotoneaster afghanicus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster aitchisoni C.K.Schneid.
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Cotoneaster alashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster alatavicus Popov
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Cotoneaster alaunicus Golitsin
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Cotoneaster albokermesinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster allanderi J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster allochrous Pojark.
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Cotoneaster altaicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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川康栒子 Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
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美丽栒子 Cotoneaster amoenus E.H.Wilson
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Cotoneaster amphigenus Chaten.
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Cotoneaster annapurnae J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster angustifolius Franch.
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Cotoneaster antoninae Juz. & N.I.Orlova(或A.Vassiliev)
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细尖栒子 Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
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Cotoneaster applanatus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch
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Cotoneaster arborescens Zabel.
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Cotoneaster arbusculus G.Klotz
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银毛栒子 Cotoneaster argenteus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster armenus Pojark.
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紫果水栒子 Cotoneaster atropurpureus Flinck & B.Hylmö(异名Cotoneaster multiflorus Bge. var. atropurpureus Yü)
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Cotoneaster arvernensis Gand.
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Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster assadii Khat.
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Cotoneaster assamensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster astrophoros J.Fryer & E.C.Nelson
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Cotoneaster ataensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster atlanticus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster atrovirens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster atuntzensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster auranticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. ex Lindl.
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Cotoneaster baenitzii Pax
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毛萼栒子 Cotoneaster bakeri G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster balticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster bilokonii Grevtsova
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Cotoneaster bisramianus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster blinii H.Lév.
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Cotoneaster bodinieri H.Lév.
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Cotoneaster boisianus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster borealichinensis (Hurus.) Hurus.
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Cotoneaster borealis Petz. & G.Kirchn.
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Cotoneaster brachypodus Pojark. ex Zakirov
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Cotoneaster bradyi E.C.Nelson J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster brandisii G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster brevirameus Rehder & Wilson
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Cotoneaster brickelli J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster browiczii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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泡叶栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois
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多花泡叶栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois f. floribundus (Stapf) Rehder & E.H. Wilson
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大叶泡叶栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois var. macrophyllus Rehd. et Wils.
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少花泡叶栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus var. camilli-schneideri (Pojark.) L.T.Lu(异名Cotoneaster camilli-schneideri Pojark.)
- 泡叶栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois var. bullatus
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Cotoneaster bumthangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster burmanicus G.Klotz
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黄杨叶栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl.
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多花黄杨叶栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl. var. marginatus(异名Cotoneaster marginatus (Loudon) Schltdl.)
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小叶黄杨叶栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl. var. vellaeus (Franch.) Klotz.
- 黄杨叶栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl. var. buxifolius
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Cotoneaster californicus A.Murray bis
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大果水栒子 Cotoneaster calocarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
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野栒子 Cotoneaster cambricus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster campanulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster canescens Vestergr. ex B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster capsicinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster cardinalis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster cashmiriensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster cavei G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster chaffanjonii H.Lév.
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Cotoneaster chailaricus (G.Klotz) Flinck & B.Hylmö
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镇康栒子 Cotoneaster chengkangensis T.T.Yu
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Cotoneaster chrysobotrys Hand. - Mazz.
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Cotoneaster chulingensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster chungtiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster cinerascens (Rehder) Flinck & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster cinnabarinus Juz.
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Cotoneaster coadunatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster coccineus Steud.
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Cotoneaster commixtus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster comptus Lem.
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Cotoneaster confusus G.Klotz
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大果栒子(大果小叶栒子) Cotoneaster conspicuus H. F. Comber ex C. Marquand(异名Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. var. conspicuus Messel ex anon.)
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Cotoneaster convexus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster cooperi C.Marquand
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Cotoneaster cordatus Focke
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Cotoneaster cordifolioides G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster cordifolius G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster coreanus H.Lév.
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厚叶栒子 Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch.
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克鲁比亚栒子 Cotoneaster 'Cornubia'
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Cotoneaster cossineus Steud.
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Cotoneaster crenulatus (D.Don) K.Koch
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Cotoneaster creticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster crispii Exell
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Cotoneaster cuilus Lee ex K.Koch
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Cotoneaster cuspidatus C.Marquand ex J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster daliensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri C.K.Schneid.
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长柄矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri C. K. Schneid. var. radicans Dammer ex C. K. Schneid.(异名Cotoneaster radicans G.Klotz)
- 矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri C. K. Schneid. var. dammeri
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Cotoneaster daralagesicus Grevtsova
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Cotoneaster davidianus hort. ex Dippel
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Cotoneaster decandrus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster declinatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster degenensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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铺茎栒子 Cotoneaster delavayanus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster delphinensis Chatenier
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Cotoneaster denticulatus Kunth
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木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus E.Pritz. ex Diels
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小叶木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. var. elegans Rehder & E. H. Wilson(异名Cotoneaster elegans (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö,Cotoneaster splendens Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus E.Pritz. ex Diels dielsianus
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Cotoneaster difficilis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster discolor Pojark.
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脱毛栒子 Cotoneaster dissimilis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster distichus Lange
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散生栒子 Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
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Cotoneaster dojamensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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毛瓣栒子 Cotoneaster dokeriensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster drogochius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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大叶两列栒子 Cotoneaster duthieanus (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz(异名Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. var. duthieanus (Schneid.) Yu)
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Cotoneaster elatus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster ellipticus (Lindl.) Loudon
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Cotoneaster emarginatus hort. ex K.Koch
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Cotoneaster emeiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster encavei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster eriocarpus hort.
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Cotoneaster erratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster erzincanicus J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster esfandiarii Khat.
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Cotoneaster esquirolii H.Lév.
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Cotoneaster estonicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster falconeri G.Klotz
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恩施栒子 Cotoneaster fangianus T.T.Yu
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Cotoneaster farreri Klotzsch
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Cotoneaster fastigiatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster favargeri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster fletcheri G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster flinckii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster floccosus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster floridus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster fontanesii Grossh.
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Cotoneaster formosanus Hayata
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Cotoneaster forrestii G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster fortunei Wenz.
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麻核栒子 Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
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西南栒子 Cotoneaster franchetii Bois
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耐寒栒子 Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl.
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Cotoneaster froebelii Vilm.
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Cotoneaster fruticosus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster gamblei G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster ganghobaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster garhwalensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster genitianus Hurus. ex Nakai
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Cotoneaster gesneri Kirschl.
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Cotoneaster gilgitensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster girardii Flinck & B.Hylmö ex G.Klotz
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光叶栒子 Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
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粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch.
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小叶粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. var. meiophyllus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster meiophyllus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
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多花粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. var. serotinus (Hutch.) L. T. Lu & Brach(异名Cotoneaster serotinus Hutch.)
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毛萼粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. var. vestitus W.W.Smith.(异名Cotoneaster vestitus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
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Cotoneaster globosus (Hurus.) G.Klotz
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球花栒子 Cotoneaster glomerulatus W.W.Sm.
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Cotoneaster goloskokovii Pojark.
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贡嘎山栒子 Cotoneaster gonggashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster gotlandicus B.Hylmö
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细弱栒子 Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & E.H.Wilson
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Cotoneaster grammontii hort. ex K.Koch
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Cotoneaster granatensis Boiss
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Cotoneaster griffithii G.Klotz
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关门山栒子 Cotoneaster guanmenensis J.Fryer
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西昌栒子 Cotoneaster handel-mazzettii G.Klotz
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蒙自栒子 Cotoneaster harrovianus E.H.Wilson
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丹巴栒子 Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & B.Hylmö
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钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels
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黄毛钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels var. fulvidus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster fulvidus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
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灰毛钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels var. incanus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster incanus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
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大果钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels var. majusculus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster majusculus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels var. hebephyllus(异名Cotoneaster monopyrenus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
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Cotoneaster hedegaardii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster hersianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster heterophyllus J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster hicksii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster himaleiensis hort. ex Zabel
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Cotoneaster himalayensis hort. ex Lavallee
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Cotoneaster hissaricus Pojark.
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海姆维斯蒂栒子 Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii Flinck & B.Hylmö
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鹤庆栒子 Cotoneaster hodjingensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster hookeri hort. ex Zabel
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Cotoneaster hookerianus hort. ex Lavallee
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平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne.
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小叶平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. var. perpusillus Schneid.(异名Cotoneaster perpusillus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. var. horizontalis
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Cotoneaster hsingshangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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花蓮栒子 Cotoneaster hualiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster humifusus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch
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Cotoneaster humilis Donn
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Cotoneaster hummelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster hunanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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河北栒子 Cotoneaster hurusawaianus G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster hylanderi B.Hylmö & J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster hymalaicus Carriere
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Cotoneaster hylmoei Flinck & J.Fryer
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Cotoneaster hypocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster ichangensis G.Klotz
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Cotoneaster ignavus E.L.Wolf
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Cotoneaster ignescens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Firebird Cotoneaster
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Cotoneaster ignotus G.Klotz - Black-grape Cotoneaster
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Cotoneaster improvisus Klotzsch
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Cotoneaster induratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Hardy Cotoneaster
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Cotoneaster inexspectus G.Klotz
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陷脉栒子 Cotoneaster insculptus Diels
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Cotoneaster insignis Pojark.
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Cotoneaster insignoides J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
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Cotoneaster insolitus G.Klotz
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全缘栒子 Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik.
Cotoneaster integrifolius的枝条,长枝上有数个短枝,果实直径8毫米
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Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) G.Klotz - Entire-leaved Cotoneaster
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Cotoneaster intermedius (Lecoq. & Lamotte) H.J.Coste
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Cotoneaster japonicus hort. ex Dippel
-
Cotoneaster juranus Gand.
-
Cotoneaster kaganensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster kamaoensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster kangtinensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster kansuensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster karatavicus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster karelicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
巴塘栒子 Cotoneaster kaschkarovii Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster kerstanii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster khasiensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster kingdonii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster kirgizicus Grevtsova
-
Cotoneaster kitaibelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster klotzii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster koizumii Hayata
-
康布栒子 Cotoneaster kongboensis G.Klotz
-
小西氏栒子(马太鞍栒子、台灣舖地蜈蚣) Cotoneaster konishii Hayata
-
Cotoneaster kotschyi (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster krasnovii Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster kullensis B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster kweitschoviensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster lacei Klotzsch
-
乳白花栒子 Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm.
-
Cotoneaster laetevirens (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster laevis hort. ex Steud.
-
Cotoneaster lambertii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster lamprofolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster lanatus hort. ex Regel
-
Cotoneaster lancasteri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
中甸栒子 Cotoneaster langei G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster langtangensis B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster lanshanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster latifolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster laxiflorus Jacq. ex Lindl.
-
Cotoneaster lesliei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster leveillei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
丽江栒子 Cotoneaster lidjiangensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster lindleyi Steud.
-
Cotoneaster linearifolius (G.Klotz) G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster logginovae Grevtsova
-
Cotoneaster lomahunensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
贝加尔栒子 Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl.
-
单核栒子 Cotoneaster ludlowii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster luristanicus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster macrocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster magnificus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster mairei H.Lév. - Maire's Cotoneaster
-
Cotoneaster marquandii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster marroninus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster mathonnetii Gand.
-
Cotoneaster matrensis Domokos
-
Cotoneaster megalocarpus Popov
-
黑果栒子 Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd.
-
Cotoneaster melanotrichus (Franch.) G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster meuselii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster meyeri Pojark.
-
小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl.
-
白毛小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. var. cochleatus (Franch.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson(异名Cotoneaster cochleatus (Franch.) G.Klotz)
-
无毛小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. var. glacialis Hook. f. ex Wenz.(异名Cotoneaster glacialis (Hook.f. ex Wenz.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar,Cotoneaster congestus Baker,Cotoneaster pyrenaicus hort. ex Rehder, nom. inval.)
-
细叶小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. var. thymifolius Koehne(异名Cotoneaster thymifolius Wall. ex Lindl.)
- 小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. var. microphyllus
-
Cotoneaster milkedandai J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster mingkwongensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster miniatus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster minimus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster minitomentellus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster minutus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster mirabilis G.Klotz & Krugel
-
Cotoneaster misturatus J.Fryer
-
蒙古栒子 Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster montanus Lange ex Dippel
-
台湾栒子 Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata
-
Cotoneaster morulus Pojark.
-
宝兴栒子 Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch.
-
突尖栒子 Cotoneaster mucronatus Franch.
-
木里栒子 Cotoneaster muliensis G.Klotz
-
水栒子 Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge
-
Cotoneaster nagaensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster nakai Hayata
-
Cotoneaster naninitens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster nanshan M.Vilm. ex Mottet - Dwarf Cotoneaster
-
Cotoneaster nantaouensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster nanus (G.Klotz) G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster narynensis Tkatsch. ex J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) K.Koch
-
Cotoneaster nedoluzhkoi Tzvelev.
-
Cotoneaster nefedovii Galushko
-
Cotoneaster neo-antoninae A.N.Vassiljeva
-
Cotoneaster neopopovii Czerep.
-
Cotoneaster nepalensis hort. ex K.Koch
-
Cotoneaster nervosus Decne
-
Cotoneaster nevadensis Boiss. ex Steud.
-
Cotoneaster newryensis Lemoine
-
Cotoneaster niger (Wahlenb.) Fries
-
光泽栒子 Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E.H.Wilson
-
亮叶栒子 Cotoneaster nitidifolius Marquand
-
两列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus Jacques
-
小叶两列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. var. parvifolius (Yu) Yu(异名Cotoneaster parvifolius (Hook.f.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar)
- 两列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. var. nitidus
-
Cotoneaster nivalis (G.Klotz) G.Panigrahi & A.Kumar
-
Cotoneaster nohelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
显著栒子 Cotoneaster notabilis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster nudiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & Mey.
-
Cotoneaster obovatus Osmaston
-
暗红栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
-
大叶暗红栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E.H.Wilson var. cornifolius Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 暗红栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E.H.Wilson var. obscurus
-
Cotoneaster obtusisepalus Gand.
-
Cotoneaster obtusus Wall. ex Lindl.
-
少花栒子 Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojark.
-
少果栒子 Cotoneaster oligocarpus C.K.Schneid.
-
Cotoneaster omissus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster orbicularis Schltdl.
-
Cotoneaster orientalis (Mill.) Borbas
-
Cotoneaster osmastonii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster ottoschwarzii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster ovatus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster pangiensis G.Klotz
-
毡毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus Franch.
- 大叶毡毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. var. robustior W.W.Smith
- 毡毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. var. pannosus
-
Cotoneaster paradoxus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster parkeri G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster parkinsonii Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar
-
Cotoneaster parnassicus Boiss. & Heldr.
-
Cotoneaster peduncularis Boiss.
-
北京栒子 Cotoneaster pekinensis (Koehne) Zabel
-
Cotoneaster permutatus G.Klotz
-
聚花栒子 Cotoneaster pleuriflorus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster poluninii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster procumbens G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster prostratus Baker - Procumbent Cotoneaster
-
Cotoneaster przewalskii Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster pseudoambiguus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Kangting Cotoneaster
-
叢花車輪桃 Cotoneaster racemiflorus K.Koch
-
Cotoneaster rehderi Pojark. - Bullate Cotoneaster
-
网脉栒子 Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
-
麻叶栒子 Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
-
罗氏栒子 Cotoneaster rockii
-
Cotoneaster roseus Edgew.
-
圆叶栒子 Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl. - Round-leaved Cotoneaster
-
红花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm.
-
小叶红花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm. var. minianus Yü
- 红花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm. var. rubens Yü
-
柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch.
-
大叶柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. var. henryanus (C. K. Schneid.) T. T. Yu(异名Cotoneaster henryanus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson)
-
皱叶柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. var. rugosus (E. Pritz.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson
-
窄叶柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. var. angustus Yu(异名Cotoneaster angustus (T.T.Yu) G.Klotz)
- 柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. var. salicifolius
-
Cotoneaster salwinensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster sanbaensis J.Fryer
-
Cotoneaster sandakphuensis G.Klotz
-
血色栒子 Cotoneaster sanguineus T.T.Yu
-
Cotoneaster sargentii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster saxatilis Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster saxonicus B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster scandinavicus B.Hylmö
-
山东栒子 Cotoneaster schantungensis G.Klotz
-
钝尖栒子 Cotoneaster schlechtendalii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster schubertii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster shannanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Shannan Cotoneaster
-
Cotoneaster shansiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
康巴栒子 Cotoneaster sherriffii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster sichuanensis Klotzsch
-
西康栒子 Cotoneaster sikangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster sikkimensis Mouill.
-
华中栒子 Cotoneaster silvestrei Pamp.(异名Cotoneaster hupehensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson)
-
西蒙氏栒子 Cotoneaster simonsii Baker
-
Cotoneaster smithii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster soczavianus Pojark.
-
准噶尔栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov
-
小果准噶尔栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov var. microcarpus (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) G. Klotz(异名Cotoneaster microcarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 准噶尔栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov var. soongoricus
-
Cotoneaster sordidus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster soulieanus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster spathulatus (Michx.) Wenz.
-
Cotoneaster spongbergii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
尼东栒子 Cotoneaster staintonii G.Klotz
-
硬枝栒子 Cotoneaster sternianus (Turrill) Boom
-
Cotoneaster stracheyi Klotzsch
-
Cotoneaster strigosus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster suavis Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster subacutus Pojark.
-
高山栒子 Cotoneaster subadpressus T.T.Yu
-
Cotoneaster subalpinus G.Klotz
-
毛叶水栒子 Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov(异名Cotoneaster bitahaiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö)
-
Cotoneaster suboblongus Gand.
-
Cotoneaster subuniflorus (Kitam.) G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster suecicus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster svenhedinii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster taitoensis Hayata
-
Cotoneaster taiwanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster takpoensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster taksangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster talgaricus Popov
-
Cotoneaster tanpaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
洮河栒子 Cotoneaster taoensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster tardiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster tauricus Pojark.
-
藏南栒子 Cotoneaster taylorii T.T.Yu
-
Cotoneaster tebbutus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster teijiashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster tengyuehensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Tengyueh Cotoneaster
-
细枝栒子 Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & E.H.Wilson
-
Cotoneaster thimphuensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
西藏栒子 Cotoneaster tibeticus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster tjuliniae Pojark. ex Peschkova
-
Cotoneaster tkatschenkoi Grovtsova
-
Cotoneaster tomentellus Pojark. - Short-felted Cotoneaster
-
Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl. - Woolly Cotoneaster
-
Cotoneaster transcaucasicus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster transens G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster trinervis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster tsarongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
土默特栒子 Cotoneaster tumeticus Pojark.
-
陀螺果栒子 Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib
-
Cotoneaster turcomanicus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster tytthocarpus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster undulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
单花栒子 Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge
-
Cotoneaster uralensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster uva-ursi G.Don
-
Cotoneaster uva-ursinus (Lindl.) J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster uzbezicus Grevtsova
-
Cotoneaster vandelaarii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster veitchii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz - Many-flowered Cotoneaster
-
雪山栒子 Cotoneaster vernae C.K.Schneid.
-
Cotoneaster verokotschyi J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
疣枝栒子 Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels
-
Cotoneaster victorianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
维西栒子 Cotoneaster vilmorinianus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster virgatus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster vulgaris Hook.f.
-
Cotoneaster wallichianus G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster wanbooyensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
白毛栒子 Cotoneaster wardii W.W.Sm.
-
Cotoneaster washanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster wattii G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai - Somgeyagwang namu (In Korean)
-
Cotoneaster yakuticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster yalungensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster yuii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster yulingkongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster yulongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
-
西北栒子 Cotoneaster zabelii C.K.Schneid.
-
Cotoneaster zaprjagaevae Grevtsova
-
札尤路栒子 Cotoneaster zayulensis G.Klotz
-
Cotoneaster zeilingskii B.Hylmö
-
Cotoneaster zeravschanicus Pojark.
-
Cotoneaster zimmermannii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
来源:[4][6][10][11][12][7][13][14]
参考文献
-
^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.H.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.P.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43.
-
^ Cotoneaster Medik.. GRIN. USDA. 2009-01-30 [2009-03-05].
-
^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 俞德浚、陸玲娣、谷粹芝 等 (编). 中国植物志 第36卷 (PDF). 北京: 科学出版社. 1974: 108 [2010年8月18日] (中文).[永久失效連結]
-
^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Flora of China: Cotoneaster(包括世界上大部分栒子属物种)
-
^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th edition. John Murray ISBN 978-0-7195-1790-7.
-
^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5.
-
^ 7.0 7.1 Flora of NW Europe: Cotoneaster species list 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2009-06-11.
-
^ Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - Cotoneaster 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2007-09-28.
-
^ Cal-IPC:Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands
-
^ Flora of Nepal: Cotoneaster
-
^ Flora Europaea: Cotoneaster
-
^ (瑞典文)Den virtuella floran: Cotoneaster
-
^ Cotoneaster,生命大百科全書(EOL)
-
^ 周丽华,吴征镒. 大果栒子的分类修订. 云南植物研究. 1999, 21 (2) [2010-08-18]. ISSN 0253-2700.
外部链接
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:
栒子属 维基物种中的分类信息:
栒子属 规范控制