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West Indian Treefern

Cyathea arborea (L.) Sm.

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Cyathea arborea (L.) Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin 5 : 417. 1793
Polypodium arboreum ,. Sp. PI. 1092, 1753. Disphenia arborea Presl, Tent. Pterid. ^d. 1836. Hemitelia arborea F^e, M#m. Foug. 5 : 350. 1852.
Caudex erect, 4—12 meters high, the fronds usually in a close divaricate crown, articulate and readily separable, the caudex with about 8-10 ranks of close-set to tessellate, oval, roundedovate, obovate, or broadly subhexagonal, scabrous scars about 2-4 cm. in diameter. or in young or rapidly growing plants the fronds strictly ascending, the stipes long-adnate, leaving a few distant elongate -elliptic scars up to 15-18 cm. long and about 4 cm. broad, or both types of scars evident in zones in the same individual ; summit of the caudex, the spaces among the upper scars, and the bases of the stipes closely covered with lanceolate attenuate dirty-white scales up to 4 cm. long; fronds 2.5^ meters long, the stipe very stout, low-tuberculate, yellowish-olivaceous, lighter above, succulent ; lamina 2-3 meters long, tripinnate, the primary and secondary rachises more or less muricate, dull-yellowish, minutel}'furfuraceo-puberulous, quickly glabrescent, devoid of scales, the leaf-tissue light-
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green, delicately chartaceo-membranous, minutely papillate ; pinnae mostly alternate, spreading, 40-80 cm. long, 16-35 cm. broad, oblong, abruptly acuminate, petiolate (1-3 cm,) or the basal ones exactly ovate and longpetiolate {up to 7 cm.) ; pinnules of the middle pinnae 20-26 pairs, all but the lower ones sessile (in the lower and basal pinnae these longpetiolate, up to 1.5 cm.), subimbricate, contiguous, or mostly approximate, spreading (or the lower ones somewhat retrorse), 8-18 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, lanceolate, oblonglanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, usually broadest near the middle, the apex gradually longattenuate and serrate, the costa finely furfuraceo-puberulous below but quickly glabrous, above scantily long-pilose; segments 20-32 pairs, linear-oblong (or if partially fertile often narrowly oblong-spatulate), subfalcate, dilatate, sharply and often deeply serrate, if very fertile the margin usually revolute, each tooth embracing a sorus ; costules glabrous above, or with 1-3 spinous hairs near the apex, below uniformly with 1 or 2 deciduous white bullate scales at the base, elsewhere (together with the veins) very minutely glandularsetulose ; veins 10-13 pairs, if fertile mostly once-forked below the middle, if sterile often 2or3-forked; sori numerous, 6-11 pairs ; indusia lightor yellowish-brown, shallow, saucerlike ; receptacle capitate, exserted, squamulose-setiferous, sometimes cleft.
Type locality : I^e Morne de la Calebasse, Martinique.
Distribution : General in the Greater and Lesser Antilles ; rare in Mexico ; variously reported from northern South America and intervening territory.
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bibliographic citation
Lucien Marcus Underwood, Ralph Curtiss BenedictWilliam Ralph Maxon. 1909. OPHIOGLOSSALES-FILICALES; OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, MARATTIACEAE, OSMUNDACEAE, CERATOPTERIDACEAE, SCHIZAEACEAE, GLEICHENIACEAE, CYATHEACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 16(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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North American Flora

Cyathea arborea

provided by wikipedia EN

Cyathea arborea (vernacular English: West Indian treefern,[1] vernacular Spanish: helecho gigante or palo camarón) is a plant of the family Cyatheaceae in the order Cyatheales.

Distribution

This species of tree fern is native to the Caribbean, including Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), the El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles from the Virgin Islands to Tobago.

Description

This perennial fern can reach a height of 27 feet. It has a thornless trunk measuring from 3 to 5 inches. The surface of the trunk is hard with a soft, white core. Its crown has 10 or more leaves in the form of a fan. When they are young, its leaves are rolled up and as they grow they unroll until they reach their horizontal position. As with all ferns,[2] species of the Cyatheaceae reproduce from spores. These are produced in small sporangia on the bottom side of their leaves.[3][4]

Habitat and ecology

Tree ferns as a group are mostly found it wet tropical forest, with Cyathea arborea itself being found in locations such as such as Puerto Rican moist forests and Hispaniolan moist forests. While they can grow under a canopy, it is likely that natural disturbances such as landslides and hurricanes create gaps in the forest canopy that allow them to regenerate.[5]

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Cyathaea arborea". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  2. ^ Sporne, K.R. (1970). The Morphology of Pteridophytes: The Structure of Ferns and Allied Plants (3 rd ed.). London: Hutchinson and Co.
  3. ^ Mowbray, Alan M. Bosque Nacional del Caribe Guía Interpretativa de Palo Colorado. 2002. Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos. Bosque Nacional del Caribe.
  4. ^ Miner Solá, E. (2000). Árboles de Puerto Rico y exóticos. 3rd Edition. ISBN 0-9633435-8-0. Editorial Puerto Rico.
  5. ^ Keddy, Paul A. (2017). Plant Ecology: Origins, Processes, Consequences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-11423-4.
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Cyathea arborea: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Cyathea arborea (vernacular English: West Indian treefern, vernacular Spanish: helecho gigante or palo camarón) is a plant of the family Cyatheaceae in the order Cyatheales.

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Cyathea arborea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El helecho gigante o palo camarón (Cyathea arborea) es una planta de la familia de las ciatáceas.

Descripción

Helecho perennifolio que puede alcanzar 9 m de altura, con tronco marrón de 7,6 a 12,5 cm, delgado, sin espinas y corona de diez o más hojas (frondas) de helecho en forma de abanico. Las frondas cuando nuevas están enrolladas, estas se desarrollan hasta quedar en posición horizontal. El tronco no tiene espinas y su corteza es dura con un corazón blanco y suave. Las ciatáceas no tienen flores, semillas ni frutos, para su reproducción tienen unas masas redondas debajo de las hojas que producen esporas polvorientas. El tronco no se divide en corteza y madera y no crece en diámetro. Este tiene una cubierta negra exterior dura y delgada y en el centro es blanco con mazos que dan rigidez y sirven para conducir líquidos[1][2]

Distribución y hábitat

Los helechos gigantes se encuentran en las planicies y los bosques de altura en todas las Antillas como pequeño árbol del sotobosque.

Importancia económica y cultural

Usos

  • Cultural

Los caribes usaban los troncos ahuecados para conservar y cargar las brasas, manteniéndolas durante horas sin humo ni llamas[1]

  • Medicinal

Cocción de zumo de los tallos de las hojas se usa para enfermedades de mujeres y aumentar su fertilidad. Baba de tallo sirve contra paludismo, fiebre, para el hígado y bazo, enfermedades venéreas, próstata, Leishmaniasis, estómago, corazón y tuberculosis. Infusión de la corteza se aplica para bronquitis y otras afecciones pulmonares.[3]

Referencias

  1. a b Mowbray, Alan M. (2002). Bosque Nacional del Caribe Guía Interpretativa de Palo Colorado. Palmer,Puerto Rico:Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos, Bosque Nacional del Caribe.
  2. Miner Solá, E (2000). Árboles de Puerto Rico y exóticos (3ª impresión edición). Puerto Rico. ISBN 0-9633435-8-0.
  3. Wedler, Eberhard (2013). Atlas de las plantas medicinales Silvestres y Cultivadas en la Zona Tropical (1ª edición). E.Wedler. ISBN 978-958-46-2378-2.

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Cyathea arborea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El helecho gigante o palo camarón (Cyathea arborea) es una planta de la familia de las ciatáceas.

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Cyathea arborea ( French )

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Cyathea arborea est une espèce de fougère arborescente originaire d'Amérique du Sud et des Antilles.

Description

Cette fougère arborescente peut atteindre 9 mètres de haut avec un tronc de 12 centimètres de diamètre, sans épines. Les feuilles sont horizontales.

Habitat et distribution

Les Cyathea arborea forment des bosquets dans les plaines d'altitude des Antilles, du Venezuela jusqu'en Équateur.

Notes et références

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Cyathea arborea: Brief Summary ( French )

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Cyathea arborea est une espèce de fougère arborescente originaire d'Amérique du Sud et des Antilles.

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Cyathea arborea ( Vietnamese )

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Cyathea arborea là một loài dương xỉ trong họ Cyatheaceae. Loài này được L. Sm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1793.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cyathea arborea. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến họ dương xỉ Cyatheaceae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cyathea arborea: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cyathea arborea là một loài dương xỉ trong họ Cyatheaceae. Loài này được L. Sm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1793.

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