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Spreading Hedgeparsley

Torilis arvensis (Hudson) Link

Biology

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Spreading hedge-parsley is an annual plant, but may occasionally occur as a biennial, and flowers from July to September (2). Dispersal is carried out by animals, the seeds germinate in autumn or spring, and are able to stay dormant in the soil for a number of years (1).
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Conservation

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Spreading hedge-parsley is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species, for which Plantlife, the wild plant conservation charity, is the lead partner (4). The Species Action Plan aims to maintain all current populations and help the species to become re-established in at least eight former sites by 2003. At present, spreading hedge-parsley is known to occur in at least one Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (1).
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Description

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Spreading hedge-parsley is usually an upright-growing plant, which has two or three-lobed leaves with toothed edges (2). The flowers are either white or pink and are arranged in clusters called umbels (2).
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Habitat

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This species usually appears with autumn-sown cereals, but occasionally may be found with other arable crops (4). It can also occur on disturbed or waste ground, and seems to prefer calcareous clay, but can grow on a broad range of soil types (4).
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Range

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This plant is found throughout much of western, central and southern Europe and reaches into south-western Asia. In the north-west of Europe, however, the species is in decline and is threatened in many areas (1). The decline of this species in Britain has been one of the most dramatic of any arable weed (4).
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Status

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Classified as Nationally Scarce in Great Britain (1).
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Threats

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Many agricultural 'weeds' have suffered a precipitous decline in the UK. The main cause of these declines has been agricultural changes associated with intensification, such as the increased use of chemical herbicides and fertilisers, the loss of field-margin refuges, and changes in traditional crop rotation techniques (1).
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Distribution in Egypt

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Nile Valley North of Nubia (Delta), Nile Valley North of Nubia, Nubia, Mareotic sector and North Sinai.

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Life Expectancy

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Annual.

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Description

provided by eFloras
This species has been reported from Shalizan, Kurram Valley by Aitchison
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 265. 1821
Caucalis arvensis Huds. Fl. Angl. 98. 1762.
Plants slender, 3-10 dm. high, divaricately branched, appressed-hispid throughout; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate in general outline, 2-3-pinnate, or the upper simply pinnate, the leaflets ovate to linear-lanceolate, 5-60 mm. long, 2-20 mm. broad, acute or acuminate, regularly incised or divided; peduncles 2-12 cm. long, longer than the leaves; involucre wanting, or of a single small bract ; involucel of several subulate bractlets longer than the pedicels; rays 2-10, subequal to somewhat unequal, 5-25 mm. long; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the mericarps densely covered with uncinate bristles, these spreading almost at right angles and about as long as the width of the fruit.
Typr locality: "Habitat in arvis, cretaceis frequens," England, collector unknown. Distribution: Southern and central Europe; introduced in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California.
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bibliographic citation
Albert Charles Smith, Mildred Esther Mathias, Lincoln Constance, Harold William Rickett. 1944-1945. UMBELLALES and CORNALES. North American flora. vol 28B. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Comprehensive Description

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Torilis arvensis
Add the synonym: Ozotrix helvetica Raf. Good Book 54. 1840.
CAUCALIS.
Add the synonym: Pullipes Raf. Good Book 54. 1840.
293 112. DAUCUS.
Add the synonym: Lophioplis Raf. New Fl. 4: 26, as subg. 1838.
Remove the synonym: Babiron Raf. New Fl. 4: 23. 1838.
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bibliographic citation
Albert Charles Smith, Mildred Esther Mathias, Lincoln Constance, Harold William Rickett. 1944-1945. UMBELLALES and CORNALES. North American flora. vol 28B. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Torilis arvensis

provided by wikipedia EN

Torilis arvensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names spreading hedgeparsley,[1] tall sock-destroyer[2] and common hedge parsley.[3] It is native to parts of Europe and it is known elsewhere, such as North America, as an introduced species and a common weed. It grows in many types of habitat, especially disturbed areas. It is an annual herb producing a slender, branching, rough-haired stem up to a meter in maximum height. The alternately arranged leaves are each divided into several pairs of lance-shaped leaflets up to 6 centimeters long each. The leaflet is divided or deeply cut into segments or teeth. The inflorescence is a wide open compound umbel of flower clusters on long, slender rays. Each flower has five petals which are unequal in size and are white with a pinkish or reddish tinge. Each greenish or pinkish fruit is 3 to 5 millimeters long and is coated in straight or curving prickles.

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Torilis arvensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  2. ^ Lincoln Constance & Margriet Wetherwax (2014). "Torilis arvensis". Jepson eFlora. Jepson Flora Project. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  3. ^ "Common Hedge Parsley (Torilis arvensis)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info. Retrieved 2018-12-22.

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Torilis arvensis: Brief Summary

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Torilis arvensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names spreading hedgeparsley, tall sock-destroyer and common hedge parsley. It is native to parts of Europe and it is known elsewhere, such as North America, as an introduced species and a common weed. It grows in many types of habitat, especially disturbed areas. It is an annual herb producing a slender, branching, rough-haired stem up to a meter in maximum height. The alternately arranged leaves are each divided into several pairs of lance-shaped leaflets up to 6 centimeters long each. The leaflet is divided or deeply cut into segments or teeth. The inflorescence is a wide open compound umbel of flower clusters on long, slender rays. Each flower has five petals which are unequal in size and are white with a pinkish or reddish tinge. Each greenish or pinkish fruit is 3 to 5 millimeters long and is coated in straight or curving prickles.

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