null

are eaten by

• Global Biotic Interactions: Stellifer lanceolatus (Holbrook 1855) (American stardrum)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède 1802 (Spot Croaker)

are host of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Puccinia helianthi Schwein. 1822
• Global Biotic Interactions: Amanita excelsa (Fr.) Bertill. 1866
• Global Biotic Interactions: Podosordaria leporina (Ellis & Everh.) Dennis 1957
• Global Biotic Interactions: Puccinia angustata Peck 1873
• Global Biotic Interactions: Hypoderma

are mutualistic with

• Global Biotic Interactions: Philadelphus (Mock-oranges)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cassia (cassia)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Lychnis
• Global Biotic Interactions: Angelica pubescens Maxim.
• Global Biotic Interactions: Bourreria succulenta Jacq. (bodywood)

are pathogens of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Phaseolus vulgaris L. (kidney bean)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Raphanus (radish)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Saccharum (sugarcane)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Brassica (cabbage)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Malus pumila Mill. (paradise apple)

parasitize

• Global Biotic Interactions: Indri indri (Gmelin 1788) (indri)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Papio ursinus (Kerr 1792) (Chacma Baboon)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Microcebus rufus (Lesson 1840) (Brown Mouse Lemur)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Prolemur simus (Gray 1870) (greater bamboo lemur)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Propithecus diadema Bennett 1832 (Diadem Sifaka)