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European Gooseberry

Ribes uva-crispa L.

Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Abraxas grossulariata grazes on live leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 4-6
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes gall of stem (esp. base) of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / false gall
Aphis grossulariae causes swelling of curled leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / pathogen
Armillaria mellea s.l. infects and damages Ribes uva-crispa
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, becoming erumpent pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta grossulariae is saprobic on dead twig of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 4

Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, few, blackish, pore darker pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta ribesia causes spots on live leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 8-9

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, then erumpent pseudothecium of Botryosphaeria ribis is saprobic on dead twig of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / open feeder
epiphyllous, colonial Bryobia grazes on live leaf of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / pathogen
basidiome of Chondrostereum purpureum infects and damages stem of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / feeds on
pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph of Coniothyrium melanconieum feeds on Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / feeds on
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph of Coniothyrium vagabundum feeds on Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Cronartium ribicola parasitises leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 7-10
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / gall
hypophyllous Cryptomyzus ribis causes gall of blister-galled leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: spring-summer, early autumn-

Foodplant / feeds on
small, blackish, hairy stroma of Cytosporina coelomycetous anamorph of Cytosporina ribis feeds on root of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / feeds on
gregarious, covered then erumpent pycnidium of coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthe pungens feeds on stem of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / saprobe
Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthe strumella is saprobic on attached, dead branch of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent stroma of Dothiora ribesia is saprobic on dead twig of Ribes uva-crispa
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
acervulus of Gloeosporidiella coelomycetous anamorph of Drepanopeziza ribis causes spots on live, often yellowing fruit (unripe) of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: (5-)7-9
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Elasmucha ferrugata sucks sap of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: captive: in captivity, culture, or experimentally induced
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / pathogen
Gooseberry Vein Banding virus infects and damages live, sometimes distorted leaf (first) of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: Spring

Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph of Hendersonia grossulariae is saprobic on dead Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / sap sucker
Hyperomyzus lactucae sucks sap of live, distorted, yellow vein-banded leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Melampsora epitea parasitises Ribes uva-crispa

Fungus / parasite
mainly epiphyllous conidial anamorph of Microsphaera grossulariae parasitises live leaf of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / saprobe
Mucor piriformis is saprobic on rotting fruit of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / saprobe
hypophyllous, immersed pseudothecium of Mycosphaerella ribis is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 3-5

Plant / resting place / on
egg of Nasonovia ribisnigri may be found on Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: winter
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / pathogen
Tubercularia anamorph of Nectria cinnabarina infects and damages branch of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus leucotrochus grazes on leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus ribesii grazes on leaf of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: spring-summer
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Otiorhynchus singularis feeds on live Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / feeds on
pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph of Phoma grossulariae feeds on Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Phylloporia ribis parasitises live trunk (base) of Ribes uva-crispa
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta grossulariae causes spots on live leaf of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / parasite
effuse colony of Plasmopara ribicola parasitises yellowed leaf of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / saprobe
becoming superficial, scattered pycnidium of Pleurophoma coelomycetous anamorph of Pleurophoma pleurospora is saprobic on dead twig of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 3,11

Fungus / parasite
conidial anamorph of Podosphaera mors-uvae parasitises live shoot (young) of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pristiphora pallipes grazes on leaf of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia caricina parasitises stem of Ribes uva-crispa
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
aecium of Puccinia caricina var. pringsheimiana parasitises live, often swollen shoot of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: spring-early summer
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
few, epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria grossulariae causes spots on live leaf of Ribes uva-crispa

Foodplant / saprobe
becoming erumpent conidioma of Trullula coelomycetous anamorph of Trullula melanochlora is saprobic on prickle base of Ribes uva-crispa
Remarks: season: 2

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Ribes uva-crispa

provided by wikipedia EN

Ribes uva-crispa, known as gooseberry or European gooseberry,[2] is a species of flowering shrub in the currant family, Grossulariaceae. It is native to Europe, the Caucasus and northern Africa.[3] Gooseberry bushes produce an edible fruit and are grown on both a commercial and domestic basis. Its native distribution is unclear, since it may have escaped from cultivation and become naturalized. For example, in Britain, some sources consider it to be a native,[2] others to be an introduction.[4] The species is also occasionally naturalized in scattered locations in North America.[2]

It is one of several species in the subgenus Ribes subg. Grossularia.

Etymology

The goose in gooseberry has been seen as a corruption of either the Dutch word kruisbes or the allied German Krausbeere,[5] or of the earlier forms of the French groseille. Alternatively, the word has been connected to the Middle High German krus ('curl, crisped'), in Latin as grossularia.[6]

Ribes uva-crispa in Thomé's Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885). Note the distinctive curl of the flower petals.[7]

However, the Oxford English Dictionary takes the more literal derivation from goose and berry as probable because "the grounds on which plants and fruits have received names associating them with animals are so often inexplicable that the inappropriateness in the meaning does not necessarily give good grounds for believing that the word is an etymological corruption".[6] The French for gooseberry is groseille à maquereau, translated as 'mackerel berries', due to their use in a sauce for mackerel in old French cuisine.[8] In Britain, gooseberries may informally be called goosegogs.[9]

Gooseberry bush was 19th-century slang for pubic hair, and from this comes the saying that babies are "born under a gooseberry bush".[8]

Description

The gooseberry is a straggling bush growing to 1.5 metres (5 feet) in height and width,[10] the branches being thickly set with sharp spines, standing out singly or in diverging tufts of two or three from the bases of the short spurs or lateral leaf shoots. The bell-shaped flowers are produced, singly or in pairs, from the groups of rounded, deeply crenated 3 or 5 lobed leaves.

The fruits are berries, smaller in wild gooseberries than the cultivated varieties, but often of good flavor. The berries are usually green, but there are red, purple, yellow, and white variants.[10]

In cultivation

Gooseberry growing was popular in the 19th century, as described in 1879:[11]

The gooseberry is indigenous to many parts of Europe and western Asia, growing naturally in alpine thickets and rocky woods in the lower country, from France eastward, well into the Himalayas and peninsular India.

In Britain, it is often found in copses and hedgerows and about old ruins, but the gooseberry has been cultivated for so long that it is difficult to distinguish wild bushes from feral ones, or to determine where the gooseberry fits into the native flora of the island. Common as it is now on some of the lower slopes of the Alps of Piedmont and Savoy, it is uncertain whether the Romans were acquainted with the gooseberry, though it may possibly be alluded to in a vague passage of Pliny the Elder's Natural History; the hot summers of Italy, in ancient times as at present, would be unfavourable to its cultivation. Although gooseberries are now abundant in Germany and France, it does not appear to have been much grown there in the Middle Ages, though the wild fruit was held in some esteem medicinally for the cooling properties of its acid juice in fevers; while the old English name, Fea-berry, still surviving in some provincial dialects, indicates that it was similarly valued in Britain, where it was planted in gardens at a comparatively early period.

William Turner describes the gooseberry in his Herball, written about the middle of the 16th century, and a few years later it is mentioned in one of Thomas Tusser's quaint rhymes as an ordinary object of garden culture. Improved varieties were probably first raised by the skilful gardeners of Holland, whose name for the fruit, Kruisbezie, may have been corrupted into the present English vernacular word. Towards the end of the 18th century the gooseberry became a favourite object of cottage-horticulture, especially in Lancashire, where the working cotton-spinners raised numerous varieties from seed, their efforts having been chiefly directed to increasing the size of the fruit.[11]

References

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Morin, Nancy R. (2009). "Ribes uva-crispa". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 8. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 28 August 2020 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. ^ Doronina, A.Ju. & Terekhina, N.V. (2003–2009). "Ribes uva-crispa L. – European gooseberry". AgroAtlas – Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  4. ^ Stace, Clive (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
  5. ^ Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1855). "On False Etymologies". Transactions of the Philological Society (6): 69.
  6. ^ a b "Gooseberry". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  7. ^ Thomé, Otto Wilhelm (1885). Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz [Flora of German, Austria and Switzerland] (in German).
  8. ^ a b Oldfield, Molly; Mitchinson, John (23 March 2009). "QI: Quite Interesting facts about costermongers". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009.
  9. ^ "Goosegog". Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  10. ^ a b Harry Baker (1999). Growing Fruit. Octopus Publishing Group. p. 70. ISBN 9781840001532.
  11. ^ a b Baynes, T. S., ed. (1879). "Gooseberry". The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. Vol. 10. C. Scribner's sons. p. 779.
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Ribes uva-crispa: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Ribes uva-crispa, known as gooseberry or European gooseberry, is a species of flowering shrub in the currant family, Grossulariaceae. It is native to Europe, the Caucasus and northern Africa. Gooseberry bushes produce an edible fruit and are grown on both a commercial and domestic basis. Its native distribution is unclear, since it may have escaped from cultivation and become naturalized. For example, in Britain, some sources consider it to be a native, others to be an introduction. The species is also occasionally naturalized in scattered locations in North America.

It is one of several species in the subgenus Ribes subg. Grossularia.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN