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Associations

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Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph of Chaetosphaeria ovoidea is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: mainly winter

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Dendryphion dematiaceous anamorph of Dendryphion comosum is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Dictyosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Dictyosporium toruloides is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph of Endophragmiella biseptata is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph of Endophragmiella boewei is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered or in small groups perithecium of Gibberella cyanogena is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: Autumn, Spring

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Helminthosporium velutinum is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Lachnella alboviolascens is saprobic on dead stem (large) of Fallopia

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Lepiota fuscovinacea is associated with Fallopia

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Lepiota griseovirens is associated with Fallopia
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
usually immersed pseudothecium of Lophiostoma vagabundum is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is saprobic on dead, dry, hard stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: 9-5

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph of Periconia byssoides is saprobic on dead, patchily blackened stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phlebiella fibrillosa is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph of Phragmocephala atra is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph of Phragmocephala elliptica is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: 4-10

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pleurophragmium dematiaceous anamorph of Pleurophragmium parvisporum is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Pyrenopeziza revincta is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph of Strossmayeria atriseda is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Torula dematiaceous anamorph of Torula herbarum is saprobic on dead stem of Fallopia

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Fallopia

provided by wikipedia EN

Fallopia is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family,[2] often included in a wider treatment of the related genus Polygonum in the past, and previously including Reynoutria.[3] The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, but species have been introduced elsewhere. The genus includes species forming vines and shrubs.[3]

Description

Species of Fallopia grow as vines, lianas, shrubs or subshrubs. Unlike species of the related genus Duma, they do not have thorn-like tips to their branches. Nectaries are present outside the flowers (extrafloral). Plants usually have bisexual flowers. More rarely they may be dioecious, each plant only having flowers with either functional stamens or a functional pistil. The flowers are arranged in a raceme. The tepals of the flowers are dry and paper-like when mature. The flowers have short styles with partially fused stigmas forming a "head". The fruits are achenes with three sharp edges.[3]

Taxonomy

The genus Fallopia was first described by Michel Adanson in 1763.[2] He distinguished it from Polygonum and other genera he placed in his family "Persicariae". Adanson did not explain the origin of the name.[4] It is said to be named after the Italian botanist Gabriele Falloppio, known as Fallopius in Latin.[5][6] He was the superintendent of the botanical garden at Padua and an acclaimed anatomist, being considered a founder of modern anatomy.[7]

The status of the genus has varied considerably over time, and its taxonomic history is complicated. For example, Meissner in 1856 placed both Adanson's Fallopia and the genus Reynoutria in a broadly defined Polygonum, as did Bentham and Hooker in 1880. When the genus Fallopia was recognized, as was generally the case from the 1970s onwards, Reynoutria was sometimes included and sometimes not.[3] Thus the Flora of North America in 2005 included Reynoutria in Fallopia,[5] whereas the Flora of China in 2003 separated the two genera.[8] Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed the separation of Fallopia from other related genera.[3][9]

Classification and phylogeny

Fallopia is placed in the tribe Polygoneae of the subfamily Polygonoideae. Within the tribe, it is most closely related to the genera Reynoutria and Muehlenbeckia, forming the so-called "RMF clade".[9]

Polygoneae

Knorringia

Polygonum ciliinode (syn. Fallopia ciliinodis)

DAP clade

Duma

Atraphaxis

Polygonum

RMF clade

Reynoutria

Muehlenbeckia

Fallopia s.s.

Species

As of March 2019, Plants of the World Online accepted 12 species.[2]

Former species

Many species at one time placed in Fallopia have been moved to other genera in the subfamily Polygonoideae. Some synonyms are listed below.[11]

Hybrids

Crosses between Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed have occurred where the two species grow in close proximity. The hybrid, ×Reyllopia conollyana (J.P.Bailey) Galasso (Reynoutria japonica × Fallopia baldschuanica) is called railway-yard knotweed.

Distribution

Fallopia species are native to much of the Northern Hemisphere, including most of Eurasia, North Africa and central and eastern North America. They have been widely introduced elsewhere including eastern and southern Africa, eastern North America, including Mexico, and parts of South America.[2]

Ecology

Fallopia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora therinella (recorded on F. convolvulus).

References

  1. ^ illustration from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885
  2. ^ a b c d e "Fallopia Adans". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-03-01.
  3. ^ a b c d e Schuster, Tanja M.; Wilson, Karen L. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2011). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Muehlenbeckia, Fallopia, and Reynoutria (Polygonaceae) Investigated with Chloroplast and Nuclear Sequence Data". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 172 (8): 1053–1066. doi:10.1086/661293. JSTOR 10.1086/661293. S2CID 84015547.
  4. ^ Adanson, M. (1763). "XXXIX Famille. Les Persicaires. Persicariae". Familles des Plantes, Vol. 2. Paris: Vincent. pp. 273–277. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  5. ^ a b Freeman, Craig C. & Hinds, Harold R. (2005). "Fallopia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America (online). Vol. 5. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  6. ^ "Fallopia japonica". Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin. Wisconsin State Herbarium, UW-Madison. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  7. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Gabriello Fallopio". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  8. ^ Li, Anjen & Park, Chong-wook (2003). "Fallopia". In Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H. & Hong, Deyuan (eds.). Flora of China (online). Vol. 5. eFloras.org. p. 315. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  9. ^ a b Schuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015). "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia". Taxon. 64 (6): 1188–1208. doi:10.12705/646.5.
  10. ^ a b English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 467. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  11. ^ "Search for Fallopia species". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-03-01.

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Fallopia: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Fallopia is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family, often included in a wider treatment of the related genus Polygonum in the past, and previously including Reynoutria. The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, but species have been introduced elsewhere. The genus includes species forming vines and shrubs.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
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wikipedia EN