Comprehensive Description
provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Bolbometopon bicolor (Rüppell)
Scarus bicolor Rüppell, 1828, p. 82, pl. 21.
Pseudoscarus bicolor.—Bleeker, 1862, p. 33, pl. 14.—Gohar and Latif, 1961, pp. 127–146 [Red Sea].
Cetoscarus bicolor.—Smith, 1956, p. 17, pl. 44 C,D,E; 1959, pp. 274, 275, 280, pl. 44C,D,E.
Chlorurus bicolor.—Schultz, 1958, p. 27, pls. 1B, 8A-C; 1960, p. 242, pls. 108B, 109B.—Kamohara, 1963, p. 3, pl. 1: fig. 3 [Japan].
Callyodon bicolor.—Marshall, 1965, p. 323.
Scarus pulchellus Rüppell, 1835, p. 25, pl. 8: fig. 3.
Pseudoscarus pulchellus.—Bleeker, 1862, p. 34, pl. 10: fig. 3.
Cetoscarus pulchellus.—Smith, 1956, p. 17, pl. 43E; 1959, pp. 274, 280, pl. 43E.—Munro, 1967, p. 441, fig. 843 [New Guinea].
Chlorurus pulchellus.—Schultz, 1958, p. 28, pls. 1C, 6C; 1960, p. 242.—Woodland and Slack-Smith, 1963, p. 46 [Heron Island].
Callyodon pulchellus.—Marshall, 1965, p. 322.
Scarus ocellatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839, p. 278.
?Scarus acroptilus Richardson, 1846, p. 69.
Callyodon scriptus (Gronow) Gray, 1854, p. 85.
Pseudoscarus nigripinnis Playfair and Günther, 1866, p. 105, pl. 15: fig. 2.
Chlorurus nigripinnis.—Schultz, 1958, p. 29, pl. 6D.
Scarus ophthalmistius Herre, 1933, p. 21.
Characterized by having 5 to 7 median predorsal scales, 3 rows of scales on cheek, with ventral row usually having 3 to 6 (range 1 to 8), pectoral fin rays usually ii,12; lips mostly covering white teeth. Coloration of young show a dark ocellate spot at front of dorsal fin and larger fishes have black spots on scales on lower half of body.
Coloration of adult females: Bright green to purplish green with red spots on head and anterior part of body; red or orange streak extends from corner of mouth and pectoral base, thence to anal fin origin, below which is a broad, green band. Under side of head and belly, orange. I found the types of Pseudoscarus nigripinnis Playfair and Günther, 1866 (p. 105, pl. 15; fig. 2), in the British Museum (Catalog no. 1865.2.27.80, standard length 151 mm; no. 1866.1.19.16, standard length 172 mm) with 2 scales in ventral row on both sides of each type. The color pattern was typically that of bicolor, and I accept Smith’s opinion that nigripinnis is a synonym of bicolor.
Randall (1963, pp. 225–227) has shown that S. pulchellus Rüppell is the adult female of S. bicolor Rüppell.
Recently collected specimen: USNM 202695, Te Vega Sta. TV–247, 11 March 1965, Solomon Islands, 1 spec.
RANGE.—Central and western Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Red Sea.
Ypsiscarus Schultz, 1958, p. 47 [type-species: Callyodon oedema Snyder].
Characterized by having 3 median predorsal scales, 2 or 3 scale rows on cheek, ii,13 pectoral rays, teeth white.
Schultz (1958, p. 47) proposed Ypsiscarus as a subgenus under Scarus. Now that two species have been found with 3 predorsal scales and gibbus snouts, I believe they represent a distinct phyletic line that should be assigned full generic rank.
Ypsiscarus ovifrons (Temminck and Schlegel)
Scarus ovifrons Temminck and Schlegel, 1846, p. 173, pl. 88.—Kamohara, 1963, p. 16 [Japan].
Callyodon viridifucatus Smith, 1956, p. 12, pl. 42B, I.
Callyodon (Ypsiscarus) viridifucatus.—Smith, 1959, pp. 270, 278, pl. 42 B, I.
Characterized by having 3 rows of scales on cheek, with 1 to 3 scales in ventral row.
The plate of Scarus ovifrons Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 (pl. 88), shows 2 scales in the 3rd or ventral row on the cheek, which agrees with Smith’s (1959, p. 270) observation of 2 or 3 scales on the preopercular flange of Callyodon (Ypsucarus) viridifucatus Smith. Smith made two important changes in the description of C. viridifucatus between 1956 (p. 12) and 1959 (p. 270) by altering “4 to 6 predorsal scales” to “3 median scales and pectoral fin rays from ii,12 to ii,13.”
Among the color drawings from the Albatross expedition in 1910 is a beautiful painting, Plate IE (original No. A1596), of Ypsiscarus ovifrons with a projecting gibbus snout, cheek scales in three rows, 7–7–1, and ii,13 pectoral fin rays, collected 29 January 1910 at Hokeido, Formosa. I have not located this specimen. It must have been larger than the holotype (450 mm) of Y. oedema Snyder, USNM 62951, and longer (355 mm) than USNM 112224 and 112232 on which Plate 80 in Schultz (1958) was based.
The color pattern of drawing A1596 shows paired and median fins orange, with narrow blue distal edges; body posteriorly dark grayish green becoming purple forward toward tip of depressed pectorals and ventrally below pectoral purple forward to isthmus. The body above depressed pectoral is bright orange, forward to eye and nape; gibbus snout green with a yellow cross band; cheek greenish; opercle blue; edge upper lip yellow; comer of mouth dark blue; edge lower lip bluish, then posteriorly a yellow cross bar.
The color pattern of preserved specimens available furnish no information on how to distinguish one or more species; however, Ypsiscarus oedema (Snyder) has 2 rows of scales on the cheek, and Y. ovifrons (Temminck and Schlegel) has 1 to 3 scales on “preopercular flange,” making 3 rows on the cheek. Callyodon viridifucatus Smith, 1956 (p. 12) is a junior synonym of Y. ovifrons.
RANGE.—Western Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.
- bibliographic citation
- Schultz, Leonard P. 1969. "The taxonomic status of the controversial genera and species of parrotfishes with a descriptive list (family Scardiae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-49. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.17
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體延長而略側扁。吻圓鈍；前額不突出。後鼻孔明顯的大於前鼻孔。齒板之外表面有顆粒狀突起；每一上咽骨具3列臼齒狀之咽頭齒，其後列者並不發達
。背鰭前中線鱗約5-7；頰鱗3列，鱗片小型，最下方列具鱗3-7個；間鰓蓋具2列鱗。鰓耙數20-24。胸鰭具14-15軟條；尾鰭於幼魚時圓形，成體時為內凹形。幼魚期之身體為白色，頭部除吻部外為橙紅色，邊緣帶黑線，吻部則為粉紅色；背鰭具一外緣鑲有橙色邊之黑色斑點。初期階段(IP,
Initial
phase)的體色為淺紅褐色，背部黃色，體側鱗片具黑色斑點及邊緣，其色澤由上而下漸深。終期階段(TP,
Terminal
phase)的體色為深藍綠色，體側鱗片具粉紅色緣；自下頜有一粉紅色斑紋向後延伸至臀鰭基部；由上唇有一條粉紅色線向後延伸經胸鰭基底而至臀鰭前緣，在此線上方有粉紅色斑點分佈於身體前部及頭部，而在此線下方則呈為一致藍綠色區域。背鰭及臀鰭為藍綠色，於基部均有平行的粉紅色斑紋；胸鰭為紫黑色；腹鰭為黃色，外緣為綠色；尾鰭為藍綠色，外緣及基部為粉紅色。有些粉紅色紋在魚死後會變成橘黃色。
