Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Spiracle present. Snout short and blunt. Gill membranes joined to isthmus. Mouth transverse and lower lip with a split in the middle. The barbels are attached closer to the tip of snout than to the mouth and they are unfimbriated. 15-51 gill rakers, which are not fan-shaped, terminated by a single tip. D: 27-51; A: 18-33 rays. 8-18 dorsal scutes; 24-50 lateral scutes and 6-13 ventral scutes. Between the rows of scutes there are numerous bony plates. The colouration is greyish black, dirty green, or dark green dorsally. Laterally, it is usually greyish brown, and ventrally, grey or lemon. The juveniles are blue dorsally and white ventrally.
- Bauchot, M.L. - 1987. Poissons osseux. In: W. Fischer and M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds). Fiches FAO d'Identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche (Révison 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. P. 891-1421. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome.
- Berg, L.S. - 1962 . Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries.Volume 1.Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. 4th edition. Russian version published 1948.
- Birstein, V.J. & W.J. Bemis - 1997. How many species are there within the genus Acipenser? Environ. Biol. Fish. 48: 157-163.
- Korzhuev, P.A. - 1941. Oxygen consumption of eggs and young of Acipenser gülvenstädti and A. stellatus. Izvestiia AN SSSR, Otdelenie Biologii. 291-302.p.
- Svetovidov, A.N. - 1964. Handbook of the fauna of the USSR, fishes of the Black Sea. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow. 550 .p.
- Svetovidov, A.N. - 1979. Acipenseridae In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. p. 82-84.
- Svetovidov, A.N. - 1984. Acipenseridae In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. p. 220-225.
- Vlasenko, A.D., A.V. Pavlov & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brand, 1833. In The Freshwater Fishes of Europe, Vol.1, Part II: General Introduction to Fishes. Acipenseriformes. 294-345. (Ed. J. Holcík) AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden.
- Welcomme, R.L. - 1988. International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 294. 318. p.
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
Caspian, Black and Azov Seas and the rivers that empty into them (Vlasenko et al., 1989).
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
May reach 3 m, usually 110-140 cm. Reports of 4 m and about 600 kg may refer to Acipenser sturio.
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
In the sea, the Russian sturgeon inhabits shallow waters of the continental shelf; in the rivers it remains at depths from 2 to 30 m. The larvae are found at considerable depths and in rapid currents.Besides the main diadromus form, a freshwater form that does not migrate downstream to the sea has been reported from various rivers.The Russian sturgeon is a bottom-dwelling mollusc-feeder (Corbulomya, Abra, Cardium, Nassa). They also readily consume crustaceans (shrimps and crabs) fishes (Engraulis encrasicolus, Sprattus sprattus and gobiids) and polychaetes. The main food items of juveniles are crustaceans, including mysids and corophiids, and polychaetes. The grat majority of the males begin to reproduce at an age of 11 to 13 years, while the equivalent age for the females is 12 to 16 years (Berg, 1948). In the Volga River, the males requires two to three years to reproduce again after spawning, while the females take four to five years. Usually, the spawnin run of this species into the rivers begin in early spring, reaches its peak in mid o later summer and ceases in late autumn. In the Volga River the spawning period extends from mid-May through early june. The spawning sites are gravel or stony beds at depths from 4 to 25 m. Spawning at water temperatures between 8.9º C and 12º C.
Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
The Russian sturgeon accounts for 40 % of the total acipenserid catch in the northern Caspian region, with a record of 11.980 tons in 1977.
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center. Five rows of scutes: dorsal 7-19, lateral 24-44 on each side, ventral 6-13 on each side, with lines of smaller stellate bony plates between the dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back olivaceous grey, flanks lighter, and belly white.
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Spawns in rivers. Natural spawning not extensive, maintained chiefly by artificial propagation. Enters rivers from April to June (a few in autumn).
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 27 - 48; Analsoft rays: 16 - 35
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Usually solitary, but swarms when hibernating or during migrations.
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Anadromous and freshwater populations exist. At the sea, it occurs in shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift current (Ref. 59043). Found mainly near the shore over sand and mud. Usually solitary, but swarms when hibernating or during spawning migrations. Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 3241). Feeds on benthic molluscs, crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns on stone or gravel bottom in large and deep rivers with strong current, 1-1.5 m/s (Ref. 59043). Mainly propagated through artificial reproduction.
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums
Russian sturgeon
provided by wikipedia EN
The Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), also known as the diamond sturgeon or Danube sturgeon, is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is found in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine. It is also found in the Caspian Sea. This fish can grow up to about 235 cm (93 in) and weigh 115 kg (254 lb). Russian sturgeon mature and reproduce slowly, making them highly vulnerable to fishing. It is distinguished from other Acipenser species by its short snout with a rounded tip as well as its lower lip which is interrupted at its center.
Description
Upper and lower side of head
The Russian sturgeon can grow to 210 cm (83 in) but a more normal size is 110 to 140 cm (43 to 55 in). It has a relatively short and rounded snout with three pairs of unfringed barbels closer to the tip of the snout that to the mouth. The dorsal fin has 27 to 48 soft rays and the anal fin has 16 to 35. The number of scales along the lateral line varies from 21 to 50. This fish can be distinguish from the otherwise similar starry sturgeon by the shape of its snout, its barbels and scale arrangement. The upper surface is greyish-green, the lateral scales are pale and the belly white.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
The Russian sturgeon is native to the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea. It is an anadromous fish and moves into the river systems that drain into these seas in order to make its way to spawning areas upstream. It is usually found near the bottom in fairly shallow water over sandy or muddy substrates.[6]
Biology
The Russian sturgeon feeds on crustaceans, molluscs and small fishes such as gobies, anchovies and sprats. It is solitary when in the sea but becomes gregarious as it moves up-river in April, May and June to spawn.[6]
Hybrid
In a paper published in July 2020, eggs from three Russian sturgeons were crossbred with American paddlefish using sperm from four male paddlefishes, resulting in successful hybrids called sturddlefish. The resulting offspring had a survival rate of 62% to 74% and on average reached 1 kg (2.2 lb) after a year of growth. This is the first time such fish from different genera and families successfully were crossbred.[7]
See also
-
Beluga (which lives in the same area, being famous for its roe – caviar)
Sources
-
^ Gessner, J.; Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2010). "Acipenser gueldenstaedtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T232A13042340. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T232A13042340.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
-
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
-
^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Acipenseridae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
-
^ "Acipenseridae" (PDF). Deeplyfish- fishes of the world. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
-
^ "Russian sturgeon: Acipenser gueldenstaedti (Brandt)". NatureGate. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
-
^ a b c "Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti)". Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
-
^ Káldy, Jenő; Mozsár, Attila; Fazekas, Gyöngyvér; Farkas, Móni; Fazekas, Dorottya Lilla; Fazekas, Georgina Lea; Goda, Katalin; Gyöngy, Zsuzsanna; Kovács, Balázs; Semmens, Kenneth; Bercsényi, Miklós (6 July 2020). "Hybridization of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833) and American Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Walbaum 1792) and Evaluation of Their Progeny". Genes. 11 (7): 753. doi:10.3390/genes11070753. PMC 7397225. PMID 32640744.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Russian sturgeon: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), also known as the diamond sturgeon or Danube sturgeon, is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is found in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine. It is also found in the Caspian Sea. This fish can grow up to about 235 cm (93 in) and weigh 115 kg (254 lb). Russian sturgeon mature and reproduce slowly, making them highly vulnerable to fishing. It is distinguished from other Acipenser species by its short snout with a rounded tip as well as its lower lip which is interrupted at its center.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
