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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 21 years (wild) Observations: Record longevity has been reported to be 21 years (http://www.fishbase.org/).
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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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de Magalhaes, J. P.
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Corrected appendix of St. Lawrence fish guide Tech Rep 2866

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Webpage with PDFs for correctly identified images of juvenile Leucoraja ocellata and Rajella fyllae. Original PDF resource with mistaken identification available at Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital library:http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/libraries-bibliotheques/toc-tdm/339571-eng.htm

Diagnostic Description

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Disk rounded, with many small dark spots on upper surface. Usually 1-4 ocelli on upper surface on each side of disk, each with a dark brownish center and pale edge. Young have long middorsal row of large spines on disk and tail. Upper jaw has 72 rows of teeth (Ref. 7251). Lower surface usually white but marked with irregular pale brownish blotches (Ref. 6902).
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Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
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Life Cycle

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Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
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Susan M. Luna
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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Rainer Froese
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Trophic Strategy

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Prefers cool temperatures. Feeds on amphipods and polychaetes (important foods); also include fishes, decapods, isopods and bivalves. They are eaten by sharks, other rays and grey seals. Parasites of the species include 1 protozoan, 1 myxosporidian, 2 trematodes, 6 cestodes and 3 nematodes (Ref. 5951).
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Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
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Biology

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Prefer sandy and gravelly bottoms in shoal water in the north range; to at least 90 m in south (Ref. 7251). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Those caught at Cans, Nova Scotia in Canada were found to have eaten dollarfish, cunner, and squid. Mostly inactive during daylight hours, but active under dark conditions (Ref. 10807). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.5-9.9 cm long and 3.5-5.3 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 7135, 71301).Electric organ discharge (EOD) activity seemed more frequent during dark periods (Ref. 10808). The individual EOD of this species is monophasic, head-negative, and lasts 217 ms (Ref. 10011). This species is used only for the manufacture of fish meal.
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Winter skate

provided by wikipedia EN

The winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) is a globally-endangered species of skate found in the surrounding waters of northeastern North America. They inhabit shallow shelf waters and are prone to bycatch during commercial fishing.[2]

Description

The winter skate can reach a maximum size of 109 cm. It reaches maturity around 12 years of age, depending on the sex and area.[3]

Distribution and habitat

This skate can be found in the northwest Atlantic Ocean,[3] ranging from North of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to South of Newfoundland and Labrador.[2] Winter skates prefer sand and gravel habitats.[3] They are primarily found in depths below 111 m and up to 371 m[2] and in temperatures ranging between -1.2 and -15 C.[3]

A dried-up egg case of the winter skate on the shores of Newfoundland and Labrador in 2019.

The local populations of the winter skate are not all evenly distributed. They are facing extirpation in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, for example,[4] resulting in a lot fewer egg cases found on local beaches. Their range has declined 99% from the 1980s to 2015 in that sector[5]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leucoraja ocellata.
  1. ^ "Leucoraja ocellata (Winter Skate)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b c COSEWIC (2015). "COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata)" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  3. ^ a b c d Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2016-12-19). "Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata)". www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  4. ^ Kelly, J. T.; Hanson, J. M. (March 2013). "Maturity, size at age and predator-prey relationships of winter skate Leucoraja ocellata in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence: potentially an undescribed endemic facing extirpation: BIOLOGY OF SGSL LEUCORAJA OCELLATA". Journal of Fish Biology. 82 (3): 959–978. doi:10.1111/jfb.12030. PMID 23464554.
  5. ^ Government of Canada, Public Services and Procurement Canada. "Information archivée dans le Web" (PDF). publications.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
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Winter skate: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) is a globally-endangered species of skate found in the surrounding waters of northeastern North America. They inhabit shallow shelf waters and are prone to bycatch during commercial fishing.

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Diet

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Especially crustaceans and amphipods, though polychaetes, molluscs and fishes are also consumed.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Distribution

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Newfoundland Banks and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence to North Carolina

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Preferred depth of 37-90m and temperature range of 5-9 C.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Habitat

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benthic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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WoRMS Editorial Board
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Kennedy, Mary [email]