Deepwater Spiny Dogfish

Maximum longevity: 70 years (wild)

In the eastern Atlantic, fished with bottom trawls, line gear and fixed bottom nets. Utilized dried salted for human consumption and for fishmeal.Probably fished elsewhere where it occurs, but details lacking.

A large, deepwater dogfish of the continental slopes,from 229 to 2359 m depth, but rare above 1000 m depth in the eastern Atlantic. Also found pelagically between the surface and 1250 m depth over water 3940 m deep. Ovoviviparous, with litters of 5 young.

Maximum total length about 158 cm, males mature at about 103 cm, females at 137 to 158 cm.

fieldmarks: No anal fin, two dorsal fins with large spines, bladelike unicuspidate teeth in upper and lower jaws, with lowers much larger than uppers, a moderately long snout, leaf-shaped multicuspidate, imbricated lateral denticles, and rear tips of pectoral fins broadly angular and not strongly extended. Snout moderately long, broadly parabolic, preoral snout almost equal to mouth width but shorter than distance from mouth to pectoral origins; upper anterolateral teeth with erect to semioblique cusps. First dorsal fin relatively low and long; second dorsal moderately large, as high or higher than underside of head first, with base about 2/3 length of first dorsal base, and spine origin about over rear tips or inner margins of pelvic fins; distance from first dorsal insertion to origin of second dorsal spine about as long as tip of snout to pectoral midbases in adults; free rear tips of pectoral fins forming broad angles, not expanded into elongated lobes and not reaching the level of first dorsal spine, inner margins shorter than distance from second dorsal spine to caudal origin; caudal fin with a shallowly concave postventral margin in adults. Lateral trunk denticles overlapping one another, with slender pedicels elevating flat, leaflike crowns, a strong main cusp and 3 or more pairs of lateral cusps on their posterior edges in adults (lateral cusps increasing from a pair in young with denticle replacement with growth).

Eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Atlantic Slope to Senegal, Faeroes, Madeira, Azores, Gabon to Zaire, Namibia, western Cape of Good Hope. Western Indian Ocean: South Africa, Aldabra Islands. Western Pacific: Japan, Philippines (Leyte, Mindanao), southeastern Australia, New Zealand.

A large gulper shark with a short, broad snout, a long, low 1st dorsal fin, short pectoral rear tips, and large, rough, leaf-like denticles (Ref. 5578). Dark grey or chocolate brown in color (Ref. 5578).

Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Young numbers 5-8 in a litter (Ref. 6871). Size at birth 35-43 cm (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0

Found on or near the bottom of continental slopes; also found pelagically in the upper 1,250 m of water 4,000 m deep (Ref. 31367). Presumably feeds on fish and cephalopods (Ref. 6871) and myctophids (Ref. 58748).

Found on or near the bottom of continental slopes; also found pelagically in the upper 1,250 m of water 4,000 m deep (Ref. 31367). Presumably feeds on fish and cephalopods (Ref. 6871). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Utilized and fishmeal and dried salted for human consumption (Ref. 247); meat and fins (low value) and liver oil (very high value), and occasionally for its mature eggs (Ref.58048).

fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species

廣泛分布於世界東大西洋，西印度洋和西太平洋之大部分溫帶暖水域及熱帶水域。臺灣則分布於南部及東北部海域。

主要以底拖網、流刺網及延繩釣捕獲。肝具大量之角鯊烯，可加工製成維他命及油；剩餘物製成魚粉。

體延長；尾寬短；吻短，眼前吻長略大於眼徑，口前吻長約等於口寬，但短於從口裂到胸鰭起點之距離，吻前緣呈圓弧形，側視尖突；眼大，長橢圓形，約為口前吻長的1/2-2/3，無瞬膜和瞬褶，距吻端比距第一鰓裂為近；鼻孔小，距吻端比距口裂為近，鼻孔間距大於鼻孔寬而稍小於鼻孔內角到吻端之距離，前鼻瓣具三角形突出，後鼻瓣具一伸向內前方的舌型突起；口裂大，淺弧形，口側具一斜行深溝，上下唇褶短而約等長；上下顎齒不同形，均為單齒頭，無正中齒；上顎每側16齒，齒較小，齒頭直立或稍外斜，呈尖三角形，邊緣光滑無細鋸齒；下顎每側15齒，稍大，齒頭外斜，基底近方形；噴水孔大，橢圓形，位於眼後上方，前緣有一瓣膜可開閉；鰓裂較小，下部轉入腹面；盾鱗呈葉片狀，具三縱脊，後緣有細鋸齒緣；彼此重疊排列。背鰭二枚，各具一硬棘，硬棘粗長，每棘每側具一溝槽；第一背鰭低而長，位於胸鰭基底稍後上方，上角鈍圓，後緣幾乎斜直，後角延長尖突，其末端到腹鰭起點間距稍大於內緣長；第一背鰭基末端到第二背鰭硬棘間距小於吻端到胸鰭起點間距；第二背鰭起點位於腹鰭基底後上方，高約等於第一背鰭，上角圓鈍，後緣幾乎斜直，後角延長尖突，末端不達尾鰭上葉起點，第二背鰭基底長約等於第一背鰭基底長的2/3；尾鰭寬短，尾椎軸略上翹，上葉發達，後緣有一缺刻；腹鰭較小，低平，近第二背鰭而遠離第一背鰭，外角圓鈍，後角尖突；胸鰭較短小，前緣和內緣幾乎平直，外角圓，內角呈小三角形。體呈灰褐色，尾鰭後緣與下緣黑色。

大型深水鯊，棲息在大陸斜坡水深145-3,940 m處。卵胎生，每產5子，雌成魚長約103 cm，雄成魚長137-158 cm。

The leafscale gulper shark (Centrophorus squamosus) is a dogfish of the family Centrophoridae. C. squamosus is reported to have a lifespan of approximately 70 years, based on otolith ring counts. It was the first described species in the genus Centrophorus, which now contains 13 species.

A large, deepwater dogfish of the continental slopes. Rare above 1000 m depth in the eastern Atlantic. Also found pelagically between the surface and 1250 m. Ovoviviparous, with number of young 5 per litter. Utilized dried salted for human consumption and for fishmeal.