General distribution: temperate, circumglobal (except central Pacific Ocean and the polar regions).
Depth range 130-4000 m. (Rowe & Gates, 1995).
In Panama this species was collected by the R. V. Albatross from southeast of Punta Mala, Azuero Peninsula (USNM 39771, USNM 19509, USNM 19510; Centroid Latitude: 7.2500, Centroid Longitude: -79.6000), eastern Pacific, from a depth range of 1866 to 2323 m.
Benthic, continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal.
Wyville-Thomson, C. (1873). The Depths of the Sea. (Macmillan and Co.: London): 1-527.
Clark, A. M. and J. Courtman-Stock. (1976). The echinoderms of southern Africa. Publ. No. 766. British Museum (Nat. Hist), London. 277 pp.
Gosner, K.L. 1971. Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 693 p.
Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336-351.
LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:124895Syntypes: held at the Natural History Museum, London.
Type locality: off the coast of Ireland (Rowe & Gates, 1995).
