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Phase contrast micrograph of the tetrahymenine ciliate. The anterior end of the cell is slightly twisted, the mouth being located at the base of this anterior region.
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Portrait (left anterolateral view) of the hymenostome ciliate Colpidium kleini (Foissner, 1969). Very similar in overall appearance to C. colpoda although usually more slender and with fewer somatic kineties. The cytostome is in the anterior 1/4 of the cell. There is a curved paraoral membrane along the convex right margin of the cytostome. The left margin is slightly concave. There are three adoral membranelles. There are 32 to 44 somatic kineties. The kineties to the right and left of the oral aperture meet at a curved preoral suture. There is an anterior apical area bare of cilia. There are rows of inconspicuous mucocysts between the somatic kineties. The ellipsoid macronucleus and adjacent micronucleus are centrally located. The single contractile vacuole is located in the midbody with a single excretory pore on the right surface. The feature most clearly distinguishing Colpidium kleini from C. coploda is the silverline system (as demonstrated by silver nitrate staining). Collected from an organically enriched freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. DIC.
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Colpidium (coll-pid-ee-um) is an oligohymenophoran ciliate, very closely related to Tetrahymena. The mouth is located near the front end, it is recessed, and the body is slightly twisted in front of the mouth. Eats bacteria and often found in organically enriched sites with little available oxygen. Phase contrast.
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Campillos, Andaluca, Espaa
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Cabanas De Sayago, Castille and Leon, Spain
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Anterior is to the bottom of the image, there are two mouth structures - the original near the anterior end and the mouth of the daughter cell developing behind where the division furrow will form.
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Ventral infraciliature of the hymenostome ciliate Colpidium kleini (Foissner, 1969). C. kleini is very similar in overall appearance to C. colpoda although usually more slender and with fewer somatic kineties. The cytostome is in the anterior 1/4 of the cell. There is a curved paraoral membrane along the convex right margin of the cytostome. The left margin is slightly concave. There are three adoral membranelles. There are 32 to 44 somatic kineties. The kineties to the right and left of the oral aperture meet at a curved preoral suture. The right somatic kineties bend leftward at the level of the cytostome.There is an anterior apical area bare of cilia. There are rows of inconspicuous mucocysts between the somatic kineties. The ellipsoid macronucleus and adjacent micronucleus are centrally located. The single contractile vacuole is located in the midbody with a single excretory pore on the right surface. The feature most clearly distinguishing Colpidium kleini from C. coploda is the silverline system (as demonstrated by silver nitrate staining).Stained by the silver carbonate technic (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Collected from an organically enriched freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Brightfield.
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Colpidium (coll-pid-ee-um) is an oligohymenophoran ciliate, very closely related to Tetrahymena. The mouth is located near the front end, it is recessed, and the body is slightly twisted in front of the mouth. This detail shows the kineties at an angle anterior to the mouth. Eats bacteria and often found in organically enriched sites with little available oxygen. Phase contrast.
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Logrono, La Rioja, Spain
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Right lateral infraciliature of the hymenostome ciliate Colpidium kleini (Foissner, 1969). C. kleini is very similar in overall appearance to C. colpoda although usually more slender and with fewer somatic kineties. The cytostome is in the anterior 1/4 of the cell. There is a curved paraoral membrane along the convex right margin of the cytostome. The left margin is slightly concave. There are three adoral membranelles. There are 32 to 44 somatic kineties. The kineties to the right and left of the oral aperture meet at a curved preoral suture. The right somatic kineties bend leftward at the level of the cytostome. There is an anterior apical area bare of cilia. There are rows of inconspicuous mucocysts between the somatic kineties. The ellipsoid macronucleus and adjacent micronucleus are centrally located. The single contractile vacuole is located in the midbody with a single excretory pore on the right surface. The feature most clearly distinguishing Colpidium kleini from C. coploda is the silverline system (as demonstrated by silver nitrate staining).Stained by the silver carbonate technic (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Collected from an organically enriched freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.Brightfield.
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Right lateral view of the silverline system of the hymenostome ciliate Colpidium kleini (Foissner, 1969). C. kleini is very similar in overall appearance to C. colpoda although usually more slender and with fewer somatic kineties. The cytostome is in the anterior 1/4 of the cell. There is a curved paraoral membrane along the convex right margin of the cytostome. The left margin is slightly concave. There are three adoral membranelles. There are 32 to 44 somatic kineties. The kineties to the right and left of the oral aperture meet at a curved preoral suture.The right somatic kineties bend leftward at the level of the cytostome. There is an anterior apical area bare of cilia. There are rows of inconspicuous mucocysts between the somatic kineties. The ellipsoid macronucleus and adjacent micronucleus are centrally located. The single contractile vacuole is located in the midbody with a single excretory pore on the right surface. The feature most clearly distinguishing Colpidium kleini from C. coploda is the silverline system. In C. kleini there is only one secondary meridian (silverline) between two primary meridians (primary meridians correspond to somatic kineties). In some cases short segments of the secondary meridians may be duplicated. Short transverse L or T-shaped branches arise from both primary and secondary meridians at irregular intervals.Stained by the dry silver nitrate technic (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Collected from an organically enriched freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Brightfield. Black and white.
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An early stage of stomatogenesis in Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.Stomatogenesis is of the monoparakinetal type. The stomatogenic field (SF) is seen to the left of the midportion of K1, the stomatogenic kinety (SK).From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Left lateral view of the silverline system of the hymenostome ciliate Colpidium kleini (Foissner, 1969). C. kleini is very similar in overall appearance to C. colpoda although usually more slender and with fewer somatic kineties. The cytostome is in the anterior 1/4 of the cell. There is a curved paraoral membrane along the convex right margin of the cytostome. The left margin is slightly concave. There are three adoral membranelles. There are 32 to 44 somatic kineties. The kineties to the right and left of the oral aperture meet at a curved preoral suture. There is an anterior apical area bare of cilia. There are rows of inconspicuous mucocysts between the somatic kineties. The ellipsoid macronucleus and adjacent micronucleus are centrally located. The single contractile vacuole is located in the midbody with a single excretory pore on the right surface. The feature most clearly distinguishing Colpidium kleini from C. coploda is the silverline system. In C. kleini there is only one secondary meridian (silverline) between two primary meridians (primary meridians correspond to somatic kineties seen here as the wavier lines). Short transverse L or T-shaped branches arise from both primary and secondary meridians at irregular intervals. In some cases short segments of the secondary meridians may be duplicated. Stained by the dry silver nitrate technic (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Collected from an organically enriched freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Brightfield. Black and white.
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Late stage of stomatogenesis in Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.Stomatogenesis is of the monoparakinetal type. The adoral organelles and paraoral membranelles of the opisthe (OAO)have developed from a stomatogenic field adjacent to the stomatogenic kinety in the mid-ventral portion of the cell.OAP=oral apparatus of the proter or parental cell.From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Oral infraciliature of Colpidium kleini (FOISSNER, 1969).There are three adoral membranelles (M1-3) and a right paraoral membrane (POM).Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Dorsal infraciliature of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.The green arrowheads mark the oblique furrow that extends from the oral aperture accross the right side of the cell to the center of the dorsal surface.The somatic kineties are more closely spaced and bend strongly to the left in this depression.In the living cell this area appears as a more densely ciliated region on the right. From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Silverline system of Colpidium kleini (FOISSNER, 1969).There is a single secondary meridian (SM) between each pair of primary meridians (PM).This feature distinguishes C. kleini from the larger C. colpoda whose silverline system shows two secondary meridians between pairs of primary meridians.Stained by the dry silver nitrate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Right lateral view of the infraciliature of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.The green arrowheads mark the oblique furrow that extends from the oral aperture accross the right side of the cell to the center of the dorsal surface.The somatic kineties are more closely spaced and bend strongly to the left in this depression.In the living cell this area appears as a more densely ciliated region on the right.The single pore of the contractile vacuole (yellow arrowhead) is located on the right dorsolateral surface. From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Ventral infraciliature of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860. From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Silverline system of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.2 secondary meridians (SM) run between pairs of primary meridians (PM). This pattern occurs sporadically in the same cell with some areas showing a single branched secondary meridian between pairs of primary meridians (similar to the pattern in C. kleini). From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the dry silver nitrate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Right lateral view of the infraciliature of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.The green arrowheads mark the oblique furrow that extends from the oral aperture accross the right side of the cell to the center of the dorsal surface.The somatic kineties are more closely spaced and bend strongly to the left in this depression.In the living cell this area appears as a more densely ciliated region on the right.The single pore of the contractile vacuole (yellow arrowhead) is located on the right dorsolateral surface. From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. DIC.
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in vivo portrait (ventral view) of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. DIC.
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Silverline system of Colpidium colpoda (LOSANA,1829) STEIN,1860.2 secondary meridians run between pairs of primary meridians. This pattern occurs sporadically in the same cell with some areas showing a single branched secondary meridian between pairs of primary meridians (similar to the pattern in C. kleini). From a putrefying raw culture from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.October 2007. Stained by the dry silver nitrate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.