Associations
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Plant / resting place / on
adult of Donacia sparganii may be found on leaf of Sparganium emersum
Foodplant / saprobe
often numerous, immersed, black pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora typhoidearum is saprobic on sometimes locally discoloured leaf of Sparganium emersum
Comments
provided by eFloras
Less robust plants of Sparganium emersum are found from Manitoba, Minnesota, and Iowa, east to the Atlantic coast. They have erect leaves, 3--7 mm wide, much exceeding the short inflorescence; supra-axillary, sessile, and crowded pistillate heads; and 3--4 mm fruits with a 3--4 mm beak. Such plants have been called S. emersum subsp. acaule (C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls 1986), and they are widely known as S. chlorocarpum Rydberg var. acaule or S. chlorocarpum f.orma acaule. Inasmuch as they often grow with and are not always clearly distinct from typical plants, and in the absence of definitive, range-wide studies, they are recognized here only as a form (fide E. G. Voss 1966; G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist 1981).
Sparganium emersum is easily confused with S. angustifolium, especially when floating leaves are present, but it is distinguished by its leaves which are triangulate at least at the base, by its often more numerous staminate heads, at least some of which are not contiguous, and by its greenish fruits with longer beaks (C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls 1986). In northern and northwestern states and British Columbia, it resembles S. angustifolium in the distribution of the staminate heads, the distal of which tend to be confluent. Some Cook and Nicholls noted that sSome characters of S. angustifolium might have been incorporated into S. emersum, and our plants could be a stable hybrid that differs somewhat from S. emersum as it is known in Europe (C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls 1986). G. E. Larson (1993) called for further study of the entire S. emersum-S. angustifolium complex, which is perhaps better treated as one variable species, S. angustifolium (T. C. Brayshaw 1985)
Hybrids with Sparganium hyperboreum and S. natans have been reported from Europe but are doubted by C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls (1986). In eastern provinces and states, S. emersum could be confused with S. americanum and S. androcladum, but it can be distinguished from them by its supra-axillary pistillate heads and its tepals lacking a subapical dark spot.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Plants robust to slender, to 2 m; leaves and inflorescences emergent, stiff, or some or all leaves floating, limp. Leaves when erect rather stiff, partially to entirely keeled, flat, to 0.8 m 4--10 mm; floating leaves limp, keeled at least near base, to 2 m 4--18 mm. Inflorescences: rachis unbranched, erect; bracts ascending to erect, often somewhat inflated toward base; pistillate heads 1--6, contiguous or not, proximal axillary and peduncled, distal supra-axillary and sessile, 1.6--3.5 cm diam. in fruit; staminate heads 3--7(--10), contiguous or not with each other, sometimes some contiguous and some not, but not contiguous with distalmost pistillate head. Flowers: tepals without subapical dark spot, tip erose; stigmas 1, linear-lanceolate. Fruits green to reddish brown, lustrous, stipitate, fusiform, slightly constricted below equator, body not faceted, 3--4 1.5--2 mm excluding stipe, tapering to beak; beak straight to curved, 2--4.5 mm; tepals attached at base, reaching about to equator. Seeds 1. 2n = 30.
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Distribution
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St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Eurasia.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering late spring--early fall (May--Oct southward, Jun--Aug northward).
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Habitat
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Still to flowing eutrophic and mesotrophic, circumneutral to somewhat alkaline waters, sometimes abundant; 0--3000m.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Sparganium angustifolium Michaux subsp. emersum (Rehmann) Brayshaw; S. chlorocarpum Rydberg; S. chlorocarpum var. acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) Fernald; S. emersum subsp. acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) C. D. K. Cook & M. S. Nicholls
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Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb. Bull
Torrey Club 32 : 598. 1905.
Sparganium simplex multipedunculaia Morong, Bull. Torrey Club 15 : 79. 1888. Sparganium subvaginatum Meinsh. Mel. Biol. Acad. St. Petersb. 13: 390, in part. 1893.
Perennial, with a creeping rootstock ; stem erect or sometimes floating, 3-5 dm. high, rarely only 1-2 dm. high; leaves 3-5 dm. long, 5-10 mm. (rarely 3-4 mm.) wide, of a firm texture, slightly keeled, dilated and scarious-margined towards the base, acute; bracts similar but still more dilated at the base ; inflorescence usually simple ; pistillate heads 2-5, the lower 1 or 2 decidedly peduncled, some of them supra-axillary ; staminate heads 3-5, usually distant from the pistillate ones, but close to each other, the uppermost usually confluent ; fruiting heads 1.5-2 cm. in diameter ; sepals distinctly clawed, the blades spatulate, erose at the apex ; achenes brown ; stipe 2-2.5 mm. long ; body fusiform, about 4 mm. long ; beak 2.5-3 mm. long; stigma linear, about 1 mm. long; anthers about 1 mm. long, about one third as broad.
Type locality : Great Falls, Montana.
Distribution : Ponds and marshes from British Columbia to California, Colorado, western Ontario, and Mackenzie.
- bibliographic citation
- Percy Wilson, Per Axel Rydberg, Norman Taylor, Nathaniel Lord Britton, John Kunkel Small, George Valentine Nash. 1909. PANDANALES-POALES; TYPHACEAE, SPARGANACEAE, ELODEACEAE, HYDROCHARITACEAE, ZANNICHELLIACEAE, ZOSTERACEAE, CYMODOCEACEAE, NAIADACEAE, LILAEACEAE, SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, ALISMACEAE, BUTOMACEAE, POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Sparganium acaule (Beeby) Rydberg
Sparganium simplex acaule Beeby ; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 5 : 367. 1890. Sparganium diversifolium nanum Graebner, in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 10 : 21. 1900. Sparganium nanum Fries ; Graebner, in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 10 : 21, as synonym. 1900. Sparganium diversifolium acaule Fernald & Eames, Rhodora 9 : 88. 1907.
Perennial; stem erect, 1-3 dm. high, strict; leaves erect, triangular-keeled, 2~A dm. long, overtopping the stem, 2-4 mm. wide, cellular-reticulate ; bracts almost erect, similar to the leaves, but dilated and broadly scarious-margined at the base ; inflorescence simple ; pistillate heads 1-3, crowded, usually all sessile, supra-axillary, rarely the lowest shortstalked; staminate heads 2-4; fruiting heads about 1.5 cm. in diameter; sepals spatulate, erose at the apex, without distinction between blade and claw; achenes dark olive-brown, not nerved ; stipe 1-2 mm. long ; body fusiform, 3-4 mm. long, usually decidedly constricted at the middle ; beak 1.5-2 mm. long; stigma about 1 mm. long; anthers about 1 mm. long and one fourth as thick.
Type locality : Lake Verde, Prince Edward Island.
Distribution : Muddy shores and swamps, from Newfoundland to Virginia, Iowa, and South Dakota.
- bibliographic citation
- Percy Wilson, Per Axel Rydberg, Norman Taylor, Nathaniel Lord Britton, John Kunkel Small, George Valentine Nash. 1909. PANDANALES-POALES; TYPHACEAE, SPARGANACEAE, ELODEACEAE, HYDROCHARITACEAE, ZANNICHELLIACEAE, ZOSTERACEAE, CYMODOCEACEAE, NAIADACEAE, LILAEACEAE, SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, ALISMACEAE, BUTOMACEAE, POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydberg, sp. nov
Perennial, with a creeping rootstockand numerous roots from the thickened portion at the base of the stem ; stem slender, 3-6 dm. high, sometimes floating ; leaves slender, 3-6 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, at least the middle ones keeled ; bracts similar, ascending, only slightly if at all dilated or scarious at the base ; inflorescence simple ; pistillate heads 2-4, all sessile or the lowest one peduncled, some of them supra-axillary ; staminate heads 3-7 ; fruiting heads 2-2.5 cm. in diameter ; sepals two thirds as long as the achenes, spatulate-erose at the apex, the blades gradually tapering into the claws ; achenes green, rather dull ; stipe about 2 mm. long; body fusiform, 4-5 mm. long; beak about 4 mm. long; stigma about 1.5 mm. long.
Type collected in Emmet County, Iowa, in September, 1898, Miss Alia Cratty (herb. N. Y, Bot. Gard.).
Distribution : Marshes and rivers, Western New York, Indiana, and Iowa.
- bibliographic citation
- Percy Wilson, Per Axel Rydberg, Norman Taylor, Nathaniel Lord Britton, John Kunkel Small, George Valentine Nash. 1909. PANDANALES-POALES; TYPHACEAE, SPARGANACEAE, ELODEACEAE, HYDROCHARITACEAE, ZANNICHELLIACEAE, ZOSTERACEAE, CYMODOCEACEAE, NAIADACEAE, LILAEACEAE, SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, ALISMACEAE, BUTOMACEAE, POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Sparganium emersum
provided by wikipedia EN
Sparganium emersum is a species of flowering plant in the cat-tail family known by the common names European bur-reed[2] and unbranched bur-reed.[3] It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of Eurasia and North America. It is an aquatic plant, growing in shallow water bodies such as ponds and streams. It can become abundant at times. It is a perennial herb producing a floating stem up to 2 meters long. The leaves may be limp and floating or stiff and erect, emerging above the water surface. The leaves are flat and straplike, sometimes with a triangular, keeled base that can help distinguish it from the similar Sparganium angustifolium. It is monoecious, individual plants bearing both male and female inflorescences. These are spherical, the male inflorescence a ball of stamens and the female inflorescence a ball of developing fruits growing beneath the male spheres.
References
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Sparganium emersum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Sparganium emersum is a species of flowering plant in the cat-tail family known by the common names European bur-reed and unbranched bur-reed. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of Eurasia and North America. It is an aquatic plant, growing in shallow water bodies such as ponds and streams. It can become abundant at times. It is a perennial herb producing a floating stem up to 2 meters long. The leaves may be limp and floating or stiff and erect, emerging above the water surface. The leaves are flat and straplike, sometimes with a triangular, keeled base that can help distinguish it from the similar Sparganium angustifolium. It is monoecious, individual plants bearing both male and female inflorescences. These are spherical, the male inflorescence a ball of stamens and the female inflorescence a ball of developing fruits growing beneath the male spheres.
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