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Durand Oak

Quercus sinuata Walter

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The question of the correct name for this species has persisted, with some authors rejecting the usage here in favor of Quercus durandii . Although no type material is extant, the original description of Q . sinuata is consistent with the concept presented here, as by W. W. Ashe (1916) and W. Trelease (1924), and inconsistent with any other oak from the broad area covered by Thomas Walter's Flora Caroliniana (1788).

The two varieties differ in habit, habitat, leaf size and lobing, and geographic range, and considerable variability exists within both varities as to the degree and density of silvery stellate-pubescence on the abaxial surface of the leaf. Sun leaves of both tend to have a higher proportion of silvery pubescence, and shade leaves and some individual trees tend to have more glabrate leaves, although evidence of flat-stellate trichomes is usually apparent. Plants with young, expanding leaves sometimes are mistaken for Quercus nigra , a member of the red oak group.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 15(-20) m, with solitary or multiple trunks. Bark gray to light brown, flaky to papery and exfoliating. Twigs light gray or gray, 1-2(-3) mm diam., glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent. Buds brown or reddish brown, broadly ovoid, 2-3 mm, essentially glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, or narrowly rhomboid, or cuneiform, or rounded-3-dentate, (25-)30-120(-140) × (15-)25-60 mm, base acute, cuneate, attenuate-rounded, or obtuse, margins entire to irregularly toothed or moderately, sinuately lobed, flat, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, apex broadly rounded, rarely attenuately narrowed or obscurely 3-lobed; surfaces abaxially silvery or dull green, with scattered to crowded, minute, appressed-stellate, 8-10-rayed hairs, or glabrate or glabrous, especially in shade forms, adaxially green or dull green, glabrous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 1-7 mm; cup saucer-shaped to shallowly cup-shaped, rarely deeper, 2-8 mm deep × 8-15(-20) mm wide, enclosing 1/8-1/4 nut, rarely more, base flat, rounded, or constricted, margin thin, scales closely appressed, grayish with reddish margins, ovate, flat, obtuse, not tuberculate; nut light brown, depressed-ovoid to oblong, 7-15 × 7-12(-17) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym

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Quercus durandii Buckley
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Quercus sinuata

provided by wikipedia EN

Quercus sinuata is a species of oak comprising two distinct varieties, Quercus sinuata var. breviloba and Quercus sinuata var. sinuata, occurring in southeast North America.

Description

Quercus sinuata is a deciduous tree up to 20 metres (67 feet) tall. Leaves are narrow, with shallow rounded lobes. It tends to grow in wet habitats, such as on river bluffs, river bottoms, and flatwoods, and generally over basic substrates, such as mafic rocks, shells, or calcareous sediment.[3][4]

There are two varieties, with morphologically intermediate forms sometimes occurring where their ranges overlap:[2][3]

Common names

Perhaps arising from the classification challenges posed by a lack of morphological consistency among individuals of the species, the common name bastard oak[5] may refer to either var. sinuata or var. breviloba or to any of their intermediate forms. The common names Durand oak[3] and Durand white oak most often refer to Quercus sinuata var. sinuata.[6] Other common names for Quercus sinuata var. sinuata include bastard white oak and bluff oak, but these names more often refer to Quercus austrina.[7] Common names for Quercus sinuata var. breviloba are Bigelow oak, Bigelow's oak, shallow-lobed oak, white shin oak, scaly-bark oak, limestone Durand oak, and shortlobe oak. Other common names include scrub oak or shin oak, but these names may refer to a number of other low growing, clump forming oak species, subspecies or varieties. For clear differentiation in common reference, American Forests uses Durand Oak to mean Quercus sinuata var. sinuata and Bigelow oak to mean Quercus sinuata var. breviloba, a shrubby variety of Quercus sinuata distinguished in part by its habit of forming clonal colonies in parts of its range.

Distribution and habitat

Quercus sinuata var. breviloba is native to central and north central Texas, south central and southwest Oklahoma, and to Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northern Mexico. Quercus sinuata var. sinuata is native to the south-central and southeastern United States from central Texas and southwestern Arkansas to the Carolinas.[3][8] Their respective ranges intersect in the Hill Country of central Texas, where streams flowing through dry, brushy limestone hills create a mosaic of wet and well drained habitats.[3]

References

  1. ^ Kenny, L.; Wenzell , K. (2015). "Quercus sinuata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T194234A2305418. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194234A2305418.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Quercus sinuata Walter". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. ^ a b c d e Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus sinuata". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^ Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States by Alan S. Weakley
  5. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Quercus sinuata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  6. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  7. ^ "Bastard White Oak - Quercus austrina | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  8. ^ "Quercus sinuata". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.

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Quercus sinuata: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Quercus sinuata is a species of oak comprising two distinct varieties, Quercus sinuata var. breviloba and Quercus sinuata var. sinuata, occurring in southeast North America.

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