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Comprehensive Description

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Typhodium typhinum (Pers.) Seaver, Mycologia 2 : 86. 1910
Sphaeria typhina Pers. Ic. Descr. Fung. 21. 1798. Sphaerta spiculifera Sow. Bngl. Fungi ^/, 274. 1800. Dothidea iyphtna Fries, Syst. Myc. 2 : 553. 1823. Stromatosphaeria typhina Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. pi. 204. 1825. Lordyceps typhtna Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 381. 1849. Eptchloe typhtna Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 13: 18. 1860. Sphaceha typhina Sacc. Michelia 2 : 297. 1881.
Stromata effuse, subfleshy, at first pale, becoming bright-orange, forming sheaths 2-5 cm. in length, about the stems of various grasses; conidia ellipsoid, hyaline, 4-5 X 3 /i; perithecia thickly scattered, partially to entirely immersed, soft, membranaceous, similar in color to the stroma, with a rather prominent ostiolum ; asci cylindric, very long, 8-spored ; spores nearly as long as the ascus, in a close fascicle, about lii in diameter, many-septate.
On living grasses, of various genera. Type locality : Kurope.
Distribution : New York to Washington and Mexico ; also in Europe.
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bibliographic citation
Fred Jay Seaver, Helen Letitia Palliser, David Griffiths. 1910. HYPOCREALES, FIMETARIALES. North American flora. vol 3(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Epichloë typhina

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Epichloë typhina is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. It was originally described as a Sphaeria species. Today, however, it is classified in Epichloë.[1]

A systemic grass symbiont first described as Sphaeria typhina by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1798, and transferred to genus Epichloë in 1865,[2] Epichloë typhina forms an only partially resolved species complex within the Epichloë genus.

Epichloë typhina is found in Europe, but has been introduced widely in North America and elsewhere. It lives in association with a large number of grass species from multiple genera, including Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium phoenicoides, Brachypodium pinnatum, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Milium effusum, Phleum pratense, Poa trivialis, Poa silvicola and Puccinellia distans. Epichloë typhina appears to be seed-transmissible only in Puccinellia distans.

Subspecies

Epichloë typhina has two subspecies and three varieties.

Epichloë typhina subsp. clarkii (J.F. White) Leuchtm. & Schardl was first described in 1993.[3] It is found in Europe in the grass species Holcus lanatus. Epichloë typhina subsp. clarkii is sexual, but not seed-transmissible.

Epichloë typhina subsp. poae (Tadych, K.V. Ambrose, F.C. Belanger & J.F. White) Tadych was first described in 2012.[4] It is found in Europe in the grass species Poa nemoralis and Poa pratensis, and in North America in Poa secunda subsp. juncifolia and Poa sylvestris. The sexual form has been observed on Poa nemoralis and Poa pratensis. Epichloë typhina subsp. poae is seed-transmissible in Poa nemoralis and Poa secunda subsp. juncifolia, but not in Poa pratensis.

Epichloë typhina subsp. poae var. aonikenkana Iannone & Schardl was first described in 2017.[5] It is found in Argentina (Santa Cruz) on Bromus setifolius. This variety is seed-transmissible, but the sexual stage has not been observed.

Epichloë typhina subsp. poae var. canariensis (C.D. Moon, B. Scott, & M.J. Chr.) Leuchtm. was first described in 2000.[6] It is found in the Canary Islands on Lolium edwardii. This variety is seed-transmissible, but the sexual stage has not been observed.

Epichloë typhina subsp. poae var. huerfana (J.F. White, G.T. Cole & Morgan-Jones) Tadych & Leuchtm. was first described in 1996.[7] It is found in North America on Festuca arizonica. This variety is seed-transmissible, but the sexual stage has not been observed.

References

  1. ^ Leuchtmann, Adrian; Bacon, Charles W.; Schardl, Christopher L.; White, James F.; Tadych, Mariusz (2014). "Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloë". Mycologia. 106 (2): 202–215. doi:10.3852/13-251. PMID 24459125. S2CID 25222557.
  2. ^ Tulasne, L.R.; Tulasne, C. (1865). "Nectriei-Phacidiei-Pezizei". Selecta Fungorum Carpologia. Imperial: Paris. 3: 24.
  3. ^ White, James F. (1993). "Endophyte-Host associations in grasses. XIX. A systematic study of some sympatric species of Epichloë in England". Mycologia. 85 (3): 444–455. doi:10.1080/00275514.1993.12026295. ISSN 0027-5514.
  4. ^ Tadych, Mariusz; Ambrose, Karen V.; Bergen, Marshall S.; Belanger, Faith C.; White, James F. (2012). "Taxonomic placement of Epichloë poae sp. nov. and horizontal dissemination to seedlings via conidia". Fungal Diversity. 54 (1): 117–131. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0170-0. ISSN 1560-2745. S2CID 17813728.
  5. ^ Mc Cargo, Patricia D.; Iannone, Leopoldo J.; Vignale, María Victoria; Schardl, Christopher L.; Rossi, María Susana (2017). "Species diversity of Epichloë symbiotic with two grasses from southern Argentinean Patagonia". Mycologia. 106 (2): 339–352. doi:10.3852/106.2.339. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 24782501. S2CID 44547876.
  6. ^ Moon, Christina D.; Scott, Barry; Schardl, Christopher L.; Christensen, Michael J. (2000). "The evolutionary origins of Epichloë endophytes from annual ryegrasses". Mycologia. 92 (6): 1103–1118. doi:10.1080/00275514.2000.12061258. ISSN 0027-5514. S2CID 218589443.
  7. ^ Glenn, Anthony E.; Bacon, Charles W.; Price, Robert; Hanlin, Richard T. (1996). "Molecular phylogeny of Acremonium and its taxonomic implications". Mycologia. 88 (3): 369–383. doi:10.1080/00275514.1996.12026664. ISSN 0027-5514.
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Epichloë typhina: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Epichloë typhina is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. It was originally described as a Sphaeria species. Today, however, it is classified in Epichloë.

A systemic grass symbiont first described as Sphaeria typhina by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1798, and transferred to genus Epichloë in 1865, Epichloë typhina forms an only partially resolved species complex within the Epichloë genus.

Epichloë typhina is found in Europe, but has been introduced widely in North America and elsewhere. It lives in association with a large number of grass species from multiple genera, including Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium phoenicoides, Brachypodium pinnatum, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Milium effusum, Phleum pratense, Poa trivialis, Poa silvicola and Puccinellia distans. Epichloë typhina appears to be seed-transmissible only in Puccinellia distans.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN